Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS 2 / JS2)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 5
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Pre-Vocational Studies
Curriculum Theme: Home Economics
Previous Lesson: Adabi: Ma’ana Da Rukunonin Adabin Ba A. Misali.
Topic: FURUCI
Subject Matter: Cikakken bayani akan gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi da marasa motsi. Misali, Harshe, haƙora, leɓɓa, dasashi, da sauransu.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Fassara ma’anar furuci.
Gano gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi da marasa motsi.
Bayyana ayyukan kowane gaɓa a wajen furuci.

Affective Domain:

Gane muhimmancin gaɓoɓin furuci wajen sadarwa.
Nuna sha’awar koyon yadda ake furta kalmomi daidai.

Psychomotor Domain:

Nuna da kuma kiran sunayen gaɓoɓin furuci a jikin su.
Yi amfani da gaɓoɓin furuci wajen furta kalmomi daban-daban.

Yi magana a fili da kuma bayyananniyar murya.
Sadarwa da takwarorinsu yadda ya kamata.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Kowa Ya Ci Gaba da Hausa JSS 2
https://www.wikipedia.org
https://www.britannica.com

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Hoton gaɓoɓin furuci (chart of speech organs).
Madubi (mirror) ga kowane ɗalibi.
Misalan kalmomi daban-daban.

Rationale for the Lesson

Wannan darasi yana da muhimmanci domin yana taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci yadda muryarsu da kalmominsu suke fitowa. Fahimtar gaɓoɓin furuci yana taimaka musu su inganta yadda suke magana da kuma sadarwa yadda ya kamata a rayuwar yau da kullum.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils suna da masaniya kaɗan game da yadda ake magana da kuma fitar da sauti daban-daban.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

FURUCI (SPEECH)

Ma’anar Furuci

Furuci shine yadda mutum yake fitar da sauti ko kalmomi daga bakinsa domin sadarwa da wasu. Waɗannan sautukan suna fitowa ne ta hanyar amfani da gaɓoɓi daban-daban a cikin baki da maƙogwaro.

Gaɓoɓin Furuci

Gaɓoɓin furuci su ne sassa daban-daban na jiki da muke amfani da su wajen samar da sauti da kalmomi. Ana raba su kashi biyu: masu motsi da marasa motsi.

Gaɓoɓin Furuci Masu Motsi

Waɗannan gaɓoɓi suna motsawa ne don samar da sauti daban-daban. Su ne:

Harshe: Shine gaɓa mafi muhimmanci wajen furuci. Yana iya motsawa ta kowane bangare don samar da sauti daban-daban.
Leɓɓa: Suna motsawa don rufe baki ko buɗe shi, ko kuma don taɓa juna don samar da sauti irin su ‘b’, ‘p’, ‘m’.
Muƙami (Ƙananan Haƙora): Wato muƙamin ƙasa, yana motsawa sama da ƙasa don buɗe baki ko rufe shi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen faɗin kalmomi.
Ƙananan Haƙora (Soft Palate): Wani bangare ne mai laushi a bayan baki wanda yake iya motsawa don rufe hancin ciki, wanda ke shafar yadda iska ke fita.

Gaɓoɓin Furuci Marasa Motsi

Waɗannan gaɓoɓi ba sa motsawa amma suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da sauti. Su ne:

Haƙora: Suna taimakawa wajen fitar da sauti irin su ‘f’, ‘v’, ‘s’, ‘z’, ta hanyar haɗuwa da harshe ko leɓɓa.
Dasashi (Alveolar Ridge): Wani ɗago ne a bayan haƙoran gaba na sama. Harshe yana taɓa shi don samar da sauti irin su ‘t’, ‘d’, ‘n’, ‘l’.
Baki (Hard Palate): Wani bangare ne mai tauri a saman baki. Harshe yana iya taɓa shi don samar da wasu sautuka.
Maƙogwaro (Pharynx): Wani bututu ne a bayan baki da hanci wanda ke taimakawa wajen fitar da iska yayin magana.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai gaishe da ɗalibai kuma ya tambaye su ko sun san yadda suke magana ko kuma yadda kalmomi suke fitowa daga bakinsu. Zai kuma duba aikin gida na baya.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su amsa gaisuwa kuma su bayar da ra’ayoyinsu game da yadda suke magana. Za su kuma gabatar da aikin gida.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su tuna abubuwan da suka koya a baya kuma su shirya don sabon darasin.

Step 2: Gabatar da Ma’anar Furuci

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani/Fassara
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai bayyana ma’anar furuci kuma ya yi amfani da misalai masu sauƙi don ɗalibai su fahimta. Zai rubuta ma’anar a kan allo.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara da kyau kuma su rubuta ma’anar furuci a littafinsu. Za su yi tambayoyi don ƙarin bayani.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su fahimci menene furuci.

Step 3: Bayani akan Gaɓoɓin Furuci Gabaɗaya

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani/Misalai
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai gabatar da ra’ayin gaɓoɓin furuci gabaɗaya kuma ya nuna musu hoton gaɓoɓin furuci. Zai raba su kashi biyu: masu motsi da marasa motsi.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su kalli hoton kuma su saurari bayanin malamin. Za su gane cewa akwai gaɓoɓi masu motsi da marasa motsi.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su san cewa akwai gaɓoɓin furuci daban-daban.

Step 4: Gabatar da Gaɓoɓin Furuci Masu Motsi

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Nuni/Aiki
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi kamar harshe, leɓɓa, muƙami, da ƙananan haƙora. Zai nuna yadda kowane gaɓa yake motsawa kuma ya nemi ɗalibai su yi koyi. Zai ba kowane ɗalibi madubi don su kalli gaɓoɓinsu.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi kuma su yi koyi da malamin. Za su yi amfani da madubi don ganin yadda gaɓoɓinsu suke motsawa.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su gane da kuma nuna gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi.

Step 5: Gabatar da Gaɓoɓin Furuci Marasa Motsi

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Nuni/Bayani
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci marasa motsi kamar haƙora, dasashi, baki, da maƙogwaro. Zai bayyana yadda kowane gaɓa ke taimakawa wajen samar da sauti duk da cewa ba ya motsawa.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci marasa motsi kuma su saurari bayanin malamin. Za su fahimci rawar da kowane gaɓa yake takawa.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su gane da kuma fahimci gaɓoɓin furuci marasa motsi.

Step 6: Haɗaɗɗen Bayani da Misalai

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Tattaunawa/Misalai
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai haɗa bayanin gaɓoɓin furuci masu motsi da marasa motsi tare, kuma ya ba da misalan kalmomi daban-daban da yadda ake amfani da waɗannan gaɓoɓin wajen furta su.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su tattauna da malamin kuma su yi ƙoƙarin furta kalmomin da aka bayar, suna mai da hankali ga gaɓoɓin da suke amfani da su.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su fahimci yadda gaɓoɓi daban-daban ke aiki tare wajen samar da furuci.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mene ne ma’anar furuci?
Ka lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci guda biyu masu motsi.
Ka lissafa gaɓoɓin furuci guda biyu marasa motsi.
Wace rawa harshe yake takawa wajen furuci?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Takaitawa/Aikin Gida
Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai takaita darasin ta hanyar sake jaddada muhimman abubuwan da aka koya. Zai ba da aikin gida inda za su rubuta sunayen gaɓoɓin furuci guda biyar masu motsi da biyar marasa motsi.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurari takaitawar darasin kuma su rubuta aikin gida.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su tuna abubuwan da aka koya kuma su yi aikin gida.

Lesson Keywords

Furuci – Yadda ake fitar da sauti ko kalmomi daga baki.
Gaɓoɓi – Sassan jiki da ake amfani da su wajen furuci.
Harshe – Gaɓa mai motsi a cikin baki.
Haƙora – Gaɓa maras motsi a cikin baki.
Dasashi – Wani ɗago a bayan haƙoran gaba na sama.
Leɓɓa – Gaɓoɓi masu motsi a waje da baki.

Differentiation

Malamin zai ba wa ɗalibai masu saurin fahimta ƙarin tambayoyi ko misalai masu zurfi. Ga ɗalibai masu jinkirin fahimta, zai sake bayani a hankali kuma ya yi amfani da ƙarin misalai na gani da kuma nuni mai yawa.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da hotuna da kuma ayyuka na gani don taimaka wa ɗalibai su gane gaɓoɓin furuci. Ka ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi amfani da madubi don ganin yadda gaɓoɓinsu ke motsawa yayin magana. Ka tabbatar an yi amfani da Hausa mai sauƙi da bayyananniya a duk lokacin darasin.