Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 10
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Physical And Health Education
Previous Lesson: Methods of Sewage and Refuse Disposal
Topic: Sources Of Water Supply
Subject Matter: Sources Of Water Supply

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify different sources of water supply.
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various sources of water.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of protecting and maintaining clean water sources.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Draw simple diagrams representing common sources of water supply.
Social Domain:
(a) Work together in groups to discuss ways of preserving water sources in their community.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
National Geographic – “Freshwater Resources” (https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources)
UNICEF – “Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)” (https://www.unicef.org/wash)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing rivers, lakes, and reservoirs
A bottle of well water and a bottle of tap water (for comparison)
Pictures or diagrams of dams and boreholes
Short video clip on water sources
Whiteboard and marker

Rationale for the Lesson

Water is essential for life, and understanding its sources helps students appreciate its value, ensure safe usage, and promote sustainable conservation.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have seen and used water at home and in school, and can already mention some sources of water they are familiar with, such as wells, taps, or streams.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Sources of Water Supply

Water supply refers to the ways through which water is made available for human use. It can be obtained from both natural and artificial sources.

Natural Sources of Water

Natural sources are those provided by nature without human effort.

The following are natural sources of water supply:

Rainfall – water that falls from the clouds to the earth.
Rivers – flowing water bodies that supply water for domestic and industrial use.
Streams – smaller water bodies that flow into rivers or lakes.
Lakes – large bodies of standing fresh water.
Springs – water that comes out naturally from underground.
Oceans and seas – large salt water bodies that can be desalinated for use.

Artificial Sources of Water

Artificial sources are man-made or constructed to make water available.

The following are artificial sources of water supply:

Wells – deep holes dug into the ground to bring out water.
Boreholes – mechanically drilled holes for drawing underground water.
Dams – large structures built to store water for supply and electricity.
Reservoirs – man-made lakes for storing water for towns and cities.
Pipe-borne water – water treated and distributed through pipes to homes.

Importance of Water Supply

Water is vital to human life, community health, and economic development.

The following are the importance of water supply:

It is used for drinking and cooking.
It supports agriculture through irrigation.
It is used for washing and sanitation.
It provides water for industries.
It is used in generating electricity through dams.
It helps maintain healthy living conditions in communities.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils where the water they drink at home comes from and shows them a bottle of well water and tap water.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by naming sources such as borehole, well, or rain.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the topic of sources of water supply.

Step 2: Natural Sources of Water

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains natural sources of water and shows pictures of rivers, lakes, and springs.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, take notes, and mention examples.
Learning Point: Pupils learn different natural sources of water.

Step 3: Artificial Sources of Water

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses artificial sources and displays diagrams of wells, boreholes, and dams.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils identify artificial sources of water created by man.

Step 4: Importance of Water Supply

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the importance of water supply in homes, agriculture, and industries.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils give examples of how they use water daily.
Learning Point: Pupils understand why adequate water supply is important for life.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

List three natural sources of water.
Mention two artificial sources of water.
State three importance of water supply.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally to the questions.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to always protect water sources from pollution.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the need for clean and reliable water sources.

Home Task: Describe or illustrate one lesson example of Sources Of Water Supply and include one safety or performance rule. Do not practise a risky activity without adult supervision.

Lesson Keywords

Reservoir – man-made storage for water
Borehole – deep drilled hole for underground water
Dam – barrier built to store water and generate electricity
Spring – natural flow of water from the ground
Pipe-borne water – treated water supplied through pipes

Differentiation

Slower learners are supported with visual aids and repeated explanations, while advanced learners lead group discussions and give real-life examples.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Always stress the importance of clean water for health. Use local examples of water sources pupils are familiar with to make the lesson more relatable.