Class: Primary 4
Term: Second Term
Week: 3
Age: 9 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: General Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Number and Numeration
Previous Lesson: Open Sentence, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.
Topic: MONEY
Subject Matter: Addition of money, subtraction of money, word problems on addition and subtraction of money, mock buying and selling, quantitative reasoning involving money.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Solve problems involving addition of money.
Solve problems involving subtraction of money.
Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of money.
Solve quantitative reasoning problems involving money.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of accurate money calculations in daily life.
Participate actively in mock buying and selling activities.

Psychomotor Domain:

Accurately calculate and give correct change during transactions.
Handle mock currency effectively during practical exercises.

Collaborate with peers during group activities like mock buying and selling.
Communicate their solutions and reasoning for money problems.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Schools.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Primary 4 Mathematics.
New General Mathematics for Primary Schools, Book 4.
Federal Ministry of Education Nigeria
Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC)

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Textbook, workbook.
Play money (Naira notes and Kobo coins).
Items with price tags (e.g., small groceries, stationery).
A shopping corner setup.
Whiteboard/Chalkboard.
Markers/Chalk.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding money is important for pupils as it helps them manage personal finances and make informed decisions in everyday transactions. This lesson enables pupils to develop practical skills in handling money, which is essential for their daily lives and future financial literacy.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have prior knowledge of basic addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to three digits.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

MONEY

What is Money?

Money is anything generally accepted as a medium of exchange for goods and services.

In Nigeria, our currency is Naira (₦) and Kobo (K).

100 Kobo makes 1 Naira (₦1.00 = 100K).

Addition of Money

Adding money means combining two or more amounts of money.

When adding money, align the Naira and Kobo columns carefully, just like adding whole numbers.

Example 1: Add ₦15.50 and ₦20.75

₦15.50

+ ₦20.75

——-

₦36.25

Subtraction of Money

Subtracting money means taking one amount of money away from another.

When subtracting money, align the Naira and Kobo columns. Borrowing works the same way as with whole numbers, remembering that 1 Naira is 100 Kobo.

Example 2: Subtract ₦18.25 from ₦50.00

₦50.00

– ₦18.25

——-

₦31.75

Word Problems on Money

Word problems describe real-life situations involving money. Pupils need to read carefully to determine if they should add or subtract.

Example 3: Amina bought a book for ₦120.50 and a pen for ₦35.00. How much did she spend in total?

Cost of book = ₦120.50

Cost of pen = ₦35.00

Total spent = ₦120.50 + ₦35.00 = ₦155.50

Mock Buying and Selling

This activity helps pupils practice using money in a practical way. It involves:

Understanding the prices of items.
Calculating the total cost for multiple items.
Giving or receiving the correct change.

Quantitative Reasoning Involving Money

This involves solving patterns or puzzles using money values.

Example 4: If ₦10.00 buys 2 sweets, how many sweets can ₦25.00 buy?

Cost of 1 sweet = ₦10.00 ÷ 2 = ₦5.00

Number of sweets for ₦25.00 = ₦25.00 ÷ ₦5.00 = 5 sweets.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them what they use money for in their daily lives, such as buying snacks or paying for transport. The teacher then introduces the topic “Money” and states the lesson objectives.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively to the introduction and objectives.
Learning Point: Pupils recall the importance of money and are prepared for the lesson.

Step 2: Addition of Money

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to add amounts of money, emphasizing correct alignment of Naira and Kobo. The teacher solves Example 1 from the board summary, demonstrating step-by-step.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the teacher’s demonstration, ask questions for clarity, and copy the example into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the procedure for adding money accurately.

Step 3: Subtraction of Money

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to subtract amounts of money, highlighting the borrowing process when Kobo is insufficient. The teacher solves Example 2 from the board summary, showing the steps clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils follow the teacher’s explanation, participate in solving steps, and copy the example.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to subtract money, including borrowing across Naira and Kobo.

Step 4: Word Problems on Money

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Problem Solving/Guidance
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to read and understand word problems, identifying whether addition or subtraction is required. The teacher works through Example 3, helping pupils break down the problem.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils read the word problems, identify operations, and participate in solving the example with the teacher’s guidance.
Learning Point: Pupils develop skills in interpreting and solving real-life money problems.

Step 5: Mock Buying and Selling

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practical Application/Facilitation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher sets up a simple “shopping corner” with items and price tags. Using play money, the teacher demonstrates a transaction (e.g., buying an item and calculating change). The teacher then asks a few pupils to perform simple buying and selling transactions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and then take turns acting as buyers and sellers, calculating costs and change.
Learning Point: Pupils gain practical experience in handling money and making transactions.

Step 6: Quantitative Reasoning Involving Money

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Analytical Thinking
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the concept of quantitative reasoning with money and presents Example 4. The teacher guides pupils on how to approach and solve such problems.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils analyze the quantitative reasoning problem and contribute to finding the solution.
Learning Point: Pupils develop analytical skills for solving money-related puzzles.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define money in your own words.
Add ₦25.75 and ₦14.20.
Subtract ₦10.50 from ₦30.00.
A pen costs ₦50.00. If Bola buys 3 pens, how much does she spend?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of accurately adding, subtracting, and handling money in daily life. The teacher assigns homework from the textbook.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary, ask any final questions, and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding and are aware of follow-up tasks.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on MONEY. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Money – Anything used to buy goods and services.
Naira (₦) – The official currency of Nigeria.
Kobo (K) – A smaller unit of Nigerian currency; 100 Kobo makes 1 Naira.
Addition – Combining two or more amounts.
Subtraction – Taking one amount away from another.
Change – The money returned to a customer after paying more than the cost of an item.
Cost – The price of an item.

Differentiation

For struggling learners, the teacher will provide simpler problems with fewer digits and use physical play money for all calculations. They will also be paired with stronger pupils for support during the mock buying and selling activity. Advanced learners will be given more complex word problems involving multiple steps and larger amounts of money, and challenged to create their own quantitative reasoning problems.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure a sufficient supply of play money and various items for the mock buying and selling activity to make it engaging and practical. Encourage pupils to explain their reasoning when solving problems, not just provide answers. Emphasize the real-world application of money skills.