Class: Primary 4
Term: 1st Term
Week: 10
Age: 9 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: General Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Number Operations
Previous Lesson: Multiplication, Squares, Square Roots, Decimals and Division Basics.
Topic: DIVISION
Subject Matter: Division of 2 and 3-digit numbers by numbers not more than 9, division of decimals by numbers not more than 9, division by 10 20 30 40 and other tens, quantitative aptitude problems on division.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define division and identify its parts.
Explain how to divide 2 and 3-digit numbers by numbers not more than 9.
Explain how to divide decimals by numbers not more than 9.
Explain how to divide whole numbers by 10, 20, 30, 40, and other multiples of ten.

Affective Domain:

Participate actively in solving division problems.
Appreciate the importance of division in everyday life situations.

Psychomotor Domain:

Correctly divide 2 and 3-digit numbers by numbers not more than 9.
Accurately divide decimals by numbers not more than 9.
Perform division of whole numbers by 10, 20, 30, 40, and other multiples of ten.
Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving division.

Apply division skills independently to solve mathematical problems.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Mathematics.
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Primary 4 Mathematics.
New General Mathematics for Primary Schools, Book 4.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/dividing-decimals.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic/arith-review-multiply-divide/arith-review-division/v/division-introduction

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Textbook
Multiplication chart
Whiteboard and markers
Flashcards with division problems

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to share items equally and solve everyday problems involving sharing. It enables them to perform basic calculations needed for shopping, budgeting, and other practical situations.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can perform multiplication operations and have a basic understanding of sharing.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

DIVISION

Definition of Division

Division is an arithmetic operation that involves splitting a number into equal parts or groups. It is the opposite of multiplication.

The parts of a division problem are:

Dividend: The number being divided.
Divisor: The number by which the dividend is divided.
Quotient: The result of the division.
Remainder: The amount left over when a number cannot be divided equally.

Division of 2 and 3-digit numbers by numbers not more than 9

To divide a 2 or 3-digit number by a single-digit number, we use the long division method. We divide the digits from left to right, one at a time.

Example: Divide 156 by 4.

Steps:

Divide the first digit (or first two if the first is smaller than the divisor).
Multiply the quotient by the divisor.
Subtract the result from the dividend.
Bring down the next digit and repeat the process.

Division of Decimals by Numbers Not More Than 9

To divide a decimal by a single-digit number:

Perform the division as you would with whole numbers.
Place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in the dividend.

Example: Divide 7.2 by 3.

Division by 10, 20, 30, 40, and Other Multiples of Ten

To divide a number by 10, 20, 30, or other multiples of ten:

For 10: Move the decimal point one place to the left. (e.g., 250 ÷ 10 = 25.0)
For 20, 30, 40, etc.: First, divide the number by 10 (by moving the decimal point one place left), then divide the result by the remaining digit (2, 3, 4, etc.).

Example: Divide 240 by 20.

240 ÷ 10 = 24
24 ÷ 2 = 12

So, 240 ÷ 20 = 12.

Quantitative Aptitude Problems on Division

These are word problems that require understanding the situation and applying division to find the solution. It is important to read the problem carefully to identify the dividend and the divisor.

Example: A baker made 180 cookies and wants to pack them equally into bags, with 6 cookies in each bag. How many bags will the baker need?

Solution: 180 cookies ÷ 6 cookies/bag = 30 bags.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall what they know about sharing things equally. The teacher then relates sharing to the concept of division and introduces the topic for the day.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the concept of division.

Step 2: Division of 2 and 3-digit numbers by single-digit numbers

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the long division method using examples of 2 and 3-digit numbers divided by numbers not more than 9. The teacher demonstrates on the board, showing each step clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the teacher’s demonstration, ask questions, and practice solving simple examples.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how to divide 2 and 3-digit numbers by single-digit numbers.

Step 3: Division of decimals by single-digit numbers

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Modelling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to divide decimals by numbers not more than 9, emphasizing the importance of placing the decimal point correctly in the quotient. The teacher provides examples and solves them on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils follow the explanation and work through examples provided by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to divide decimals by single-digit numbers.

Step 4: Division by 10, 20, 30, 40, and other multiples of ten

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Simplification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the shortcut method for dividing by 10 (moving the decimal point) and then extends this to dividing by 20, 30, etc., by first dividing by 10 and then by the remaining digit. The teacher provides examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the explanation and practice the shortcut method with given examples.
Learning Point: Pupils learn efficient ways to divide by multiples of ten.

Step 5: Quantitative Aptitude Problems on Division

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Problem Solving/Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents a few quantitative aptitude problems (word problems) involving division. The teacher guides pupils on how to read the problems, identify what needs to be divided, and determine the divisor.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils attempt to solve the problems, discussing their approaches with the teacher and classmates.
Learning Point: Pupils apply division skills to solve real-world problems.

Step 6: Classwork/Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher gives pupils a few practice problems covering all aspects of division taught in the lesson (2/3-digit by single, decimals by single, and division by tens). The teacher monitors and provides assistance.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils work independently or in pairs to solve the practice problems.
Learning Point: Pupils reinforce their understanding and skills through practice.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is division?
Divide 128 by 4.
Calculate 5.6 ÷ 7.
Find the value of 360 ÷ 30.
A farmer has 150 mangoes and wants to share them equally among 5 children. How many mangoes will each child get?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson and gives pupils homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and receive an assignment.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on DIVISION. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Division – The process of splitting a number into equal parts.
Dividend – The number being divided.
Divisor – The number by which another number is divided.
Quotient – The result obtained by dividing one number by another.
Remainder – The amount left over after division when the numbers do not divide evenly.
Decimal – A number that includes a whole number part and a fractional part, separated by a decimal point.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher will provide more complex division problems or multi-step word problems. For pupils needing extra support, the teacher will offer one-on-one guidance, use visual aids more extensively, and provide simpler problems with direct instructions.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils have a strong foundation in multiplication before introducing division. Use practical examples involving sharing everyday objects to make the concept relatable. Encourage pupils to show their working steps clearly, especially for long division and decimal division.