Class: Primary 4
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 4
Age: 9 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: General Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Financial Literacy
Previous Lesson: Money, Adding, Subtracting and Word Problems.
Topic: MONEY (continued)
Subject Matter: Multiplication of money by a whole number, division of money by a whole number, word problems on multiplication and division of money, calculation of profit and loss, quantitative reasoning involving money.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Solve problems involving multiplication of money by a whole number.
Solve problems involving division of money by a whole number.
Solve word problems that require multiplication and division of money.
Calculate profit and loss in simple transactions.
Solve quantitative reasoning problems involving money.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of accurate money calculations in daily life.
Develop confidence in solving real-world money problems.

Psychomotor Domain:

Accurately perform calculations for multiplication and division of money.
Clearly present solutions for profit and loss calculations.

Work collaboratively to solve money-related word problems.
Discuss different approaches to solving quantitative reasoning problems involving money.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Primary 4 Mathematics)
State Unified Scheme of Work (Primary 4 Mathematics)
New General Mathematics for Primary Schools, Book 4
www.education.gov.ng
www.nerdc.gov.ng

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Chalkboard and chalk
Textbook and workbook
Real or dummy Nigerian currency notes and coins
Charts showing examples of money calculations

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils to perform essential money calculations accurately, which is a necessary skill for managing personal finances and making informed decisions in everyday buying and selling activities. Understanding profit and loss also introduces basic economic concepts relevant to their future.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have prior knowledge of basic multiplication and division of whole numbers, addition and subtraction of money, and simple money concepts.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

MONEY (CONTINUED)

Multiplication of Money by a Whole Number

To multiply money by a whole number, we multiply the amount (Naira and Kobo) by the given whole number. Remember to convert any kobo greater than or equal to 100 to Naira.

Example: N15.25 x 4

Multiply 25 Kobo by 4 = 100 Kobo = N1.00
Multiply N15 by 4 = N60
Add the N1.00 from Kobo conversion: N60 + N1 = N61.00

Division of Money by a Whole Number

To divide money by a whole number, we divide the Naira first, then carry any remainder to the Kobo and divide. The decimal point remains in its position.

Example: N48.50 ÷ 2

Divide N48 by 2 = N24
Divide 50 Kobo by 2 = 25 Kobo
Result: N24.25

Word Problems on Multiplication and Division of Money

Word problems require careful reading to identify whether to multiply or divide. Look for keywords like “total cost of many items” (multiplication) or “share equally” (division).

Steps to solve:

Read the problem carefully.
Identify the operation needed (multiplication or division).
Perform the calculation.
Write the answer with the correct currency unit.

Profit and Loss

These terms are used when buying and selling items.

The following are important terms:

Cost Price (CP): The price at which an item is bought.
Selling Price (SP): The price at which an item is sold.

The following are calculations for profit and loss:

Profit: Occurs when the Selling Price (SP) is greater than the Cost Price (CP).
Formula: Profit = Selling Price (SP) – Cost Price (CP)
Loss: Occurs when the Cost Price (CP) is greater than the Selling Price (SP).
Formula: Loss = Cost Price (CP) – Selling Price (SP)

Quantitative Reasoning Involving Money

This involves using logical thinking and number skills to solve money-related puzzles or patterns. Problems may involve finding missing values, completing sequences, or identifying relationships between monetary amounts.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the previous lesson on basic money operations. The teacher then introduces the topic “Money (continued)” by asking pupils how they would calculate the cost of multiple items or share money equally.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings and questions, recalling previous knowledge.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and connect it to prior knowledge.

Step 2: Multiplication of Money

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to multiply money by a whole number, demonstrating with an example on the board (e.g., N12.50 x 3). The teacher emphasizes carrying over from kobo to Naira.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils pay attention, ask questions, and copy the example into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how to multiply monetary amounts by whole numbers.

Step 3: Division of Money

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to divide money by a whole number, demonstrating with an example (e.g., N75.60 ÷ 3). The teacher shows how to handle remainders from Naira when dividing the kobo.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration, ask clarifying questions, and practice with a guided example.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how to divide monetary amounts by whole numbers.

Step 4: Word Problems on Multiplication and Division of Money

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Problem Solving/Guidance
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents simple word problems involving multiplication and division of money. The teacher guides pupils to identify the correct operation and solve the problems step-by-step.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils read the problems, identify operations, and work out solutions with teacher guidance.
Learning Point: Pupils apply multiplication and division skills to solve real-life money word problems.

Step 5: Calculation of Profit and Loss

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Definition/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines “Cost Price,” “Selling Price,” “Profit,” and “Loss” using simple examples relevant to daily transactions. The teacher introduces the formulas for calculating profit (SP – CP) and loss (CP – SP).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, understand the definitions, and note down the formulas and examples.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the concepts of profit and loss and their calculation.

Step 6: Quantitative Reasoning Involving Money

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Analytical Thinking/Guidance
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents a simple quantitative reasoning problem involving money (e.g., a pattern of increasing prices). The teacher guides pupils to analyze the pattern and find the missing value.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils attempt to solve the quantitative reasoning problem with guidance.
Learning Point: Pupils develop analytical skills for solving money-related reasoning problems.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Multiply N35.75 by 4.
Divide N90.50 by 5.
A trader bought a bag for N750 and sold it for N800. What is the profit?
Define Cost Price and Selling Price.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of accurate money calculations. The teacher assigns homework from the textbook related to multiplication, division, profit, and loss.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and note down the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding and are given practice tasks.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on MONEY (continued). Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Multiplication – The process of repeatedly adding a number to itself.
Division – The process of sharing a number into equal parts.
Cost Price – The amount of money paid to buy an item.
Selling Price – The amount of money for which an item is sold.
Profit – Money gained when an item is sold for more than its cost price.
Loss – Money lost when an item is sold for less than its cost price.
Quantitative Reasoning – Solving problems by using logical thinking and numbers.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, additional challenging word problems or multi-step quantitative reasoning tasks will be provided. For pupils needing more support, the teacher will offer one-on-one guidance, simplify examples, and provide extra practice with basic multiplication and division of money.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure to use real-life examples that are relatable to the pupils’ experiences to make the concepts of money, profit, and loss more concrete. Encourage pupils to explain their reasoning when solving word problems and quantitative tasks. Provide ample practice opportunities both in class and as homework.