Care of Body Parts and Consequences of Poor Body Care for Pre-School Level 4

Class: Pre-School Level 4
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 5 years
Duration: 30 minutes
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science and Technology
Previous Lesson: Identification of Body Parts
Topic: CARE FOR OUR BODY
Subject Matter: Care of body parts and consequences of poor body care.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify different body parts that need care.
• State simple ways to care for their eyes, teeth, hands, hair, and nails.
• Mention at least two consequences of poor body care.

Affective Domain

• Appreciate the importance of keeping their body clean and healthy.
• Show willingness to practise good hygiene habits.

Psychomotor Domain

• Demonstrate how to brush their teeth (pretend).
• Demonstrate how to wash their hands properly.
• Imitate combing their hair.

Social Domain

• Participate actively in songs and discussions about body care.

Reference Materials

• NAPPS National Unified Teaching Scheme for Pre-School Level 4.
• Relevant Early Childhood Care and Education resources.
• Pictures and charts showing clean and dirty children.

Instructional Materials

• Real objects: Soap, small towel, toothbrush, toothpaste, comb, nail cutter (for teacher demonstration only).
• Picture cards showing different body parts and hygiene activities (e.g., brushing teeth, washing hands, bathing).
• Chart showing consequences of poor hygiene (e.g., germs, sick child).
• Video clip on body care.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is essential for 5-year-olds as it introduces them to fundamental hygiene practices. Learning about body care helps children understand how to keep themselves healthy, prevent sickness, and develop good habits that will last a lifetime.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can identify and name different parts of their body.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

CARE FOR OUR BODY

Taking care of our body means keeping it clean and healthy. When we take care of our body, we feel good, look neat, and stay strong.

How to Care for Our Body Parts:

• Eyes: Wash gently with clean water. Do not rub with dirty hands. Do not put sharp objects near your eyes.
• Teeth: Brush your teeth twice a day (in the morning and at night) with toothpaste and a toothbrush. Rinse your mouth with water.
• Hands: Wash your hands with soap and clean water:
  • Before eating.
  • After using the toilet.
  • After playing outside.
  • After coughing or sneezing.
• Hair: Wash your hair with shampoo regularly. Comb or brush your hair neatly every day.
• Nails: Keep your fingernails and toenails short and clean. Ask an adult to help you cut them with a nail cutter.
• Skin: Bathe every day with soap and water to keep your skin clean.

Consequences of Poor Body Care:

If we do not take care of our body, we can:

• Get sick easily (germs can make us ill).
• Have a bad smell.
• Look dirty and untidy.
• Have itchy skin or hair.

Key Words

• Care – To look after something or someone.
• Hygiene – Keeping ourselves clean to stay healthy.
• Clean – Free from dirt.
• Germs – Tiny things that can make us sick.
• Healthy – Strong and not sick.

What the Teacher Should Show or Draw

• Pictures of children brushing teeth, washing hands, combing hair.
• Pictures of hygiene items like soap, toothbrush, comb.
• A simple drawing of germs.

Body Care Song

Tune: This is the way we wash our clothes

This is the way we brush our teeth,
Brush our teeth, brush our teeth.
This is the way we brush our teeth,
Every morning and at night.

This is the way we wash our hands,
Wash our hands, wash our hands.
This is the way we wash our hands,
Before we eat our food.

This is the way we comb our hair,
Comb our hair, comb our hair.
This is the way we comb our hair,
To make it neat and nice.

This is the way we cut our nails,
Cut our nails, cut our nails.
This is the way we cut our nails,
To keep them short and clean. (Teacher helps)

Actions: Mimic the actions mentioned in the song (brushing, washing, combing, cutting nails). For “cut our nails,” pupils can pretend to use a nail cutter with adult supervision.

How to use the rhyme: Sing the song together, performing the actions for each verse. Repeat several times to help pupils remember the different body care steps.

Watch and Learn About Body Care

The teacher will show a short video about keeping clean and healthy.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Play-based Learning, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Songs and Rhymes, Picture Talk, Question and Answer, Role-play, Imitation, Manipulation of Objects, Repetition.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Engaging/Recalling

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and leads them in singing a familiar song about body parts (e.g., “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes”). The teacher then asks pupils to point to different body parts.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils sing along and point to their body parts as instructed.

Learning Point: Pupils recall and identify different body parts.

Step 2: Presentation – Importance of Body Care

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explaining/Showing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the topic “Care for Our Body.” The teacher shows pictures of clean children and dirty children, asking pupils which one looks healthy and why. The teacher explains that keeping our body clean helps us stay healthy and happy.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures, answer questions, and listen attentively to the teacher’s explanation.

Learning Point: Pupils understand the general importance of body care.

Step 3: Caring for Teeth and Hands

Time: 6 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstrating/Guiding

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows a toothbrush and toothpaste. The teacher demonstrates the correct way to brush teeth using a model or by miming the action. The teacher then shows soap and water, demonstrating how to wash hands properly (lather, scrub, rinse). The teacher leads the pupils in singing the “Brush Our Teeth” and “Wash Our Hands” verses of the body care song.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch the demonstrations, imitate the actions of brushing teeth and washing hands, and sing along with the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils learn and practise how to care for their teeth and hands.

Step 4: Caring for Hair and Nails

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explaining/Visualising

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows a comb and explains that we need to comb our hair to keep it neat. The teacher also shows a nail cutter (emphasising it’s for adults only to use) and explains that nails should be kept short and clean. The teacher leads the pupils in singing the “Comb Our Hair” and “Cut Our Nails” verses of the body care song.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, imitate combing their hair, pretend to cut their nails (with adult supervision in mind), and sing along.

Learning Point: Pupils understand how to care for their hair and nails.

Step 5: Consequences of Poor Care & Video Reinforcement

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Discussing/Reinforcing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils what might happen if they don’t brush their teeth, wash their hands, or comb their hair. The teacher explains simple consequences like getting sick, having a bad smell, or looking untidy. The teacher then plays the short video clip on healthy habits to reinforce the lesson.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils offer simple answers, listen to the explanations, and watch the video attentively.

Learning Point: Pupils understand the negative effects of poor body care and the importance of good habits.

Step 6: General Body Care and Recap

Time: 2 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarising/Encouraging

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher quickly recaps all the ways to care for the body parts discussed. The teacher encourages pupils to always practise these good habits at home and at school.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and repeat key phrases about body care.

Learning Point: Pupils solidify their understanding of daily body care routines.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4–5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher checks pupils’ understanding through short questions and practical tasks.

1. Show me how you brush your teeth.
2. Why is it important to wash your hands before eating?
3. What happens if you don’t take care of your body?
4. Name one thing you can do to keep your hair neat.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally and demonstrate the required skill where appropriate.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute

Teaching Skill: Concluding/Motivating

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher praises the pupils for their participation and reminds them to always keep their bodies clean and healthy. The teacher leads a final round of the body care song.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils sing the song and promise to practise good body care.

Learning Point: Pupils are motivated to adopt good hygiene habits.

Lesson Keywords

• Care – To look after something or someone.
• Hygiene – Keeping ourselves clean to stay healthy.
• Clean – Free from dirt.
• Germs – Tiny things that can make us sick.
• Healthy – Strong and not sick.

Differentiation

• Support: For pupils who struggle, the teacher can provide more one-on-one demonstration, use larger picture cards, and encourage simple pointing responses rather than verbal ones. Repetition of key actions and phrases will be helpful.
• Extension: For quicker learners, the teacher can ask them to name other body parts that need care (e.g., ears, feet) and suggest ways to care for them. They can also be encouraged to explain *why* a particular habit is important in their own simple words.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Prepare all instructional materials (soap, toothbrush, comb, pictures, etc.) before the lesson. Emphasise that the nail cutter is a tool for adults to use to help children. Encourage active participation through miming actions and singing. Observe pupils’ demonstrations to assess their understanding of the practical aspects of hygiene. Reinforce the concept that good body care prevents sickness and makes them feel good. Repeat the body care song throughout the week to help pupils internalise the habits.