Class: Pre-School Level 4
Term: First Term
Week: 5
Age: 5 years
Duration: 30 minutes
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Not separately stated in the scheme.
Previous Lesson: Identifying different parts of the body.
Topic: WOUNDS: MEANING AND CAUSES
Subject Matter: BODY CARE FOR WOUNDS: Meaning and causes.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

Define a wound in simple terms.
Identify different causes of wounds.
Name objects or situations that can cause wounds.

Affective Domain

Show care and concern for their body.
Express the importance of being careful to avoid wounds.

Psychomotor Domain

Point to pictures of objects that can cause wounds.
Demonstrate how to avoid some common causes of wounds (e.g., walking carefully).

Participate in discussions about body care and safety.
Share experiences of minor wounds and their causes (if comfortable).

Reference Materials

NAPPS National Unified Teaching Scheme for Pre-School Level 4.
Early Childhood Care and Education resources.
Relevant early-years Basic Science and Technology workbook.

Instructional Materials

Charts showing different types of minor wounds (cuts, scrapes, bruises).
Pictures of objects that can cause wounds (e.g., sharp knife, broken glass, hot pot, fire, rough stones, sticks).
Pictures of children playing safely and unsafely.
Safe, blunt sticks and smooth stones for comparison.
Small, empty toy pots or cups to represent hot liquids.
A small, child-safe toy stove or picture of a stove.
A simple first aid kit (showing band-aids, cotton wool, antiseptic wipe) as visual aids for care.
Video clips (e.g., safety videos).

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the meaning and causes of wounds is crucial for 5-year-olds as it helps them develop an awareness of personal safety and body care. This lesson teaches children to identify potential dangers in their environment and encourages them to be careful, reducing the risk of injury and promoting healthy habits for life.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can identify different parts of their body and understand simple concepts of pain or feeling unwell.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

WOUNDS: MEANING AND CAUSES

A wound is a break or cut in our skin. It can be a small scratch, a scrape, or a deeper cut. When we get a wound, it can hurt and sometimes bleed.

Causes of Wounds

Wounds can happen in many ways. We need to be careful to avoid them!

Sharp objects: Playing with knives, broken glass, sharp pencils, or scissors without an adult.
Hot liquids: Touching or spilling hot water, tea, or soup.
Naked flames/Fire: Playing near fire, candles, or a hot stove.
Falling: Tripping and falling on hard ground, rough stones, or sharp objects.
Rough play/Fighting: Pushing, shoving, or hitting others.
Hard objects: Bumping into hard furniture or objects.
Insect bites: Some insect bites can also cause small wounds if scratched too much.

It is important to be careful and tell a grown-up if you get a wound.

Key Words

Wound – a cut, scrape, or break in the skin.
Cut – a break in the skin made by something sharp.
Scrape – a wound where the top layer of skin is rubbed off.
Sharp – having a thin, keen edge or point that can cut.
Hot – having a high temperature, can burn.

What the Teacher Should Show or Draw

Display charts with clear pictures of different minor wounds (e.g., a small cut on a finger, a scraped knee, a bruise).
Show pictures of sharp objects (knife, broken glass, scissors) and hot items (kettle, stove).
Demonstrate how to safely handle a blunt stick versus a potentially sharp object (e.g., a pencil).
Draw a simple picture of a child falling down and getting a scrape.

Be Careful Song

Tune: Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star

Lyrics:

Be careful when you play, play, play,
Don’t run with sharp things, no, no, no.
Hot water, fire, stay away,
Keep your body safe today.
If you get a cut or scrape,
Tell a grown-up, don’t delay!

Actions:

“Be careful when you play, play, play” – Shake index finger gently.
“Don’t run with sharp things, no, no, no” – Shake head “no”, mime running, then point to a picture of a sharp object.
“Hot water, fire, stay away” – Mime touching something hot and pulling hand back, then wave hands “away”.
“Keep your body safe today” – Hug self.
“If you get a cut or scrape” – Point to arm as if showing a small wound.
“Tell a grown-up, don’t delay!” – Point to self, then point outwards.

How to use the rhyme: Sing the song together after discussing the causes of wounds. Encourage pupils to do the actions to reinforce the message of safety and seeking help.

Watch and Learn About Safety

Let’s watch a short video about how to stay safe and avoid getting cuts and scrapes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kF1R56j9b8

After watching, discuss what they saw and how the children in the video stayed safe.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Play-based Learning, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Songs and Rhymes, Storytelling, Picture Talk, Question and Answer, Role-play, Repetition, Manipulation of Objects, Practical Activity.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Engaging/Recalling

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and leads a short song about body parts. The teacher then asks pupils if they have ever hurt themselves or seen someone with a small injury.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils greet the teacher, sing along, and respond to questions by sharing simple experiences.

Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and recall prior knowledge about their bodies and minor hurts.

Step 2: Meaning of a Wound

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explaining/Visual Aids

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains in simple terms what a wound is, using charts and pictures of minor cuts and scrapes. “A wound is a break or cut in our skin. It can be a small scratch or a deeper cut.” The teacher shows a band-aid from a first aid kit and explains it’s for covering wounds.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, look at the charts and pictures, and repeat the simple definition of a wound.

Learning Point: Pupils understand the basic meaning of a wound.

Step 3: Identifying Wounds

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Observation/Discussion

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils to carefully look at their own hands or arms for any tiny scratches or mosquito bites. The teacher guides a discussion, asking “Has anyone here ever had a small cut or scrape?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe their bodies, identify any minor marks, and share (if comfortable) if they have had a small wound before.

Learning Point: Pupils can identify minor wounds on themselves and others.

Step 4: Causes of Wounds

Time: 6 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstrating/Explaining

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses pictures and safe objects (blunt sticks, smooth stones, toy pots) to explain common causes of wounds:

Sharp objects (showing pictures of knives, broken glass).
Hot liquids (using a toy pot to represent hot water).
Naked flames (showing a picture of fire or a stove).
Falling (demonstrating a careful walk vs. running carelessly).
Rough play (showing pictures of children pushing).

The teacher emphasizes that these things can hurt us if we are not careful.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures and objects, listen to the explanations, and identify dangerous objects/situations.

Learning Point: Pupils learn various causes of wounds and how they can happen.

Step 5: Safety Song and Video

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Singing/Reinforcement

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads the pupils in singing the “Be Careful Song” with actions. Then, the teacher shows the short video clip about safety and avoiding cuts and scrapes.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils sing the song with actions and watch the video attentively.

Learning Point: Pupils reinforce their understanding of safety through song and visual learning.

Step 6: Discussion and Prevention

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Guiding

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks, “What should we do if we see something sharp or hot?” and “What should we do if we get a wound?” The teacher guides pupils to understand they should be careful and tell a grown-up immediately.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in the discussion, offering ideas and repeating the safety rules.

Learning Point: Pupils learn how to prevent wounds and what to do if they get one.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4–5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher checks pupils’ understanding through short questions and practical tasks.

“What is a wound?” (Show a picture of a scrape).
“Name one thing that can cause a wound.”
(Show a picture of a child playing with a sharp object) “Is this safe or unsafe?”
“What should you do if you get a small cut?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally and demonstrate the required skill where appropriate.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute

Teaching Skill: Summarizing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher praises the pupils and reminds them to always be careful and tell an adult if they get hurt. “Always remember to be careful and stay safe!”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and repeat the safety message.

Learning Point: Pupils internalize the importance of safety and seeking help.

Lesson Keywords

Wound – a break or cut in the skin.
Cut – a wound made by a sharp object.
Scrape – a wound where the skin is rubbed off.
Sharp – able to cut or pierce easily.
Hot – having high temperature, can cause burns.

Differentiation

Support: For pupils who struggle, use larger, clearer pictures. Provide more repetition of the definition of a wound. Guide their hands to point to specific objects that cause wounds. Focus on identifying just one or two common causes.
Extension: Encourage quicker pupils to name more examples of sharp objects or hot things. Ask them to role-play telling an adult about a wound. Ask them to suggest other ways to stay safe.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Before the lesson, ensure all instructional materials, especially pictures of sharp objects or hot items, are clear and safe for viewing. Emphasize that “stones” and “sticks” can cause wounds if used carelessly or if one falls on them, rather than portraying them as inherently dangerous objects. The main idea children must understand is that wounds are breaks in the skin and are caused by certain actions or objects, which they can learn to avoid. When discussing personal wounds, be sensitive to children who may not want to share. Judge understanding by their ability to point to correct pictures, name causes orally, and demonstrate safe actions. Repeat the “Be Careful Song” frequently throughout the week to reinforce the safety message. Always stress that a grown-up must be told immediately if a wound occurs, no matter how small.