Elements of Design for Primary 4

Class: Primary Four
Term: First Term
Subject: Cultural & Creative Arts
Topic: elements of Design and Sources of Musical Sounds
Previous Lesson: Introduction to Nigerian Art Works
Content/Learning area: Elements of design, sources of Musical Sounds
Time Allocation: 40 minutes

performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain:

1. Define elements of design.
2. Identify and describe various elements of design (lines, shapes, color, form, space, texture, value).
3. List and explain different sources of musical sound.
4.Differentiate between lines and shapes.
5. Explain how color can create depth in a painting.

• psychomotor Domain:

1. Draw examples of different lines and shapes.
2. Experiment with different colors to create depth.

• Affective Domain:

1. Show thankfulness for the elements of design in art and music.2. Express creativity through drawing and color mixing.

• Social Domain:

1.Participate actively in class discussions.
2. Work collaboratively with peers.

reference Materials

• 9 – Years basic Education Curriculum
• Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of Work
• NAPPS national Unified Scheme of Work
• Online Details
• Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials:

• Whiteboard or chart paper
• Markers or crayons
• Pictures illustrating elements of design
• Examples of musical instruments

rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the elements of design is crucial for appreciating and creating art.This lesson provides a foundation for future art lessons and helps pupils develop their creativity and visual literacy.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

pupils have a basic understanding of art and music.

Lesson Content

Elements of Design

Elements of design are the basic visual components artists use to create art. They are the building blocks of any visual composition.The following are elements of design:

Lines

Lines are the most basic element in design. They can vary in appearance and function. They are:

1. Straight: Direct and uncurving paths.
2. Curved: arcing and bending paths.
3. Thick: Bold and prominent lines.
4. Thin: Delicate and subtle lines.
5. Combination: Lines that mix different styles and thicknesses.
6. Dashed: Lines made up of a series of short strokes.
7. Zigzag: Lines that change direction abruptly in a series of angles.

Shape

Shapes are two-dimensional areas defined by lines or outlines. They are:

1. Geometric: Precise and mathematical shapes like squares, circles, and triangles.
2. Organic: natural and free-flowing shapes like leaves, clouds, and flowers.
3. Abstract: Simplified or distorted shapes that represent real objects or ideas.
4. Rectangles: Four-sided shapes with all right angles.
5. Ovals: Elongated,curved shapes similar to circles.
6. Stars: Shapes with pointed rays emanating from a central point.

Color

Color evokes emotions, creates depth, or draws attention. Its properties include:

1. Hue: The pure color name (e.g., red, blue, green).
2. Saturation: The intensity or purity of a color.
3. value: The lightness or darkness of a color.
4. Primary Colors: red, yellow, and blue, which can be mixed to create other colors.
5. Secondary Colors: Orange, green, and violet, created by mixing primary colors.
6. Tertiary Colors: colors created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color.

Form

Form is the three-dimensional aspect of an object. It’s created using lines, shapes, and color. Examples are:

1. Spheres: Perfectly round three-dimensional shapes.
2. Cubes: Three-dimensional shapes with six equal square faces.
3. Cylinders: Three-dimensional shapes with two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface.
4. Pyramids: three-dimensional shapes with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a point.
5. Cones: Three-dimensional shapes with a circular base and a curved surface that tapers to a point.
6. Ellipsoids: three-dimensional shapes that are elongated spheres.

Space

Space is the area around and between objects. Positive space is occupied; negative space is not. Examples include:

1. Foreground: The area in a composition that appears closest to the viewer.
2. Background: The area in a composition that appears farthest from the viewer.
3. Overlapping: Creating the illusion of depth by placing one object in front of another.
4. Linear perspective: Using converging lines to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
5. Atmospheric Perspective: Creating the illusion of depth by making distant objects appear lighter and less detailed.
6. Positive Space: the areas in a composition that are occupied by subjects or objects.
7. Negative Space: The empty areas around and between subjects or objects in a composition.

Texture

texture is the surface quality (rough, smooth, bumpy, soft). These include:

1. Rough: A coarse and uneven surface.
2. Smooth: A sleek and even surface.
3. Bumpy: A surface with raised and irregular protrusions.
4. Soft: A gentle and yielding surface.
5. Hard: A firm and unyielding surface.
6. Matt: A non-reflective surface.
7. Glossy: A shiny and reflective surface.

Value

value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It creates depth, contrast, or mood. Examples are:

1. Highlights: The lightest areas in a composition.
2. Shadows: The darkest areas in a composition.
3. Midtones: The areas in a composition that fall between the highlights and shadows.
4. Tint: A color mixed with white to make it lighter.
5. Shade: A color mixed with black to make it darker.
6. Contrast: The difference between light and dark areas in a composition.

Sources of Musical Sounds

Many sources create musical sound. Common ones include:

Voice

The human voice is a natural source.It’s used for singing,speaking,or other sounds. These include:

1. Singing: Producing musical tones with the voice.
2. Speaking: Producing articulate sounds with the voice.
3. Humming: Producing a continuous tone with the mouth closed.
4. Whistling: Producing a high-pitched sound by forcing air through the lips.
5. Yelling: Producing a loud, forceful sound with the voice.
6. Whispering: Producing a soft, breathy sound with the voice.

Instruments

Musical instruments are designed to produce sound. Types include:

1. String Instruments: Instruments that produce sound by vibrating strings (e.g., guitar, violin, piano).
2. Wind Instruments: Instruments that produce sound by blowing air into them (e.g., flute, trumpet, saxophone).
3. Percussion Instruments: Instruments that produce sound by being struck, shaken, or scraped (e.g., drums, cymbals, xylophone).
4. Keyboard Instruments: Instruments that produce sound by pressing keys (e.g., piano, organ, synthesizer).
5. electronic Instruments: Instruments that produce sound electronically (e.g.,synthesizer,electric guitar,drum machine).
6. Customary Instruments: Instruments that are specific to a particular culture or region (e.g., talking drum, udu, algaita).

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Presentation, Question and answer, Activity-based learning.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Introduce the topic, Elements of Design, and briefly explain its importance.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and participate in the introductory discussion.

Step 2: Explanation of Key Concepts

Time: 15 minutes
Teaching skill: Explaining, illustrating
Teacher’s Activity: explain each element of design (lines, shapes, color, form, space, texture, value) with examples and illustrations.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively, ask questions, and take notes.

Step 3: Demonstration/Guided Practice

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstrating, guiding
Teacher’s Activity: Demonstrate how to draw different lines and shapes. Guide pupils in creating simple designs using the elements of design.Pupils’ Activity: Observe the demonstration and participate in the guided practice.

Step 4: Self-Reliant Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Monitoring, assisting
Teacher’s Activity: Allow pupils to create their own designs using the elements of design. Monitor their progress and provide assistance as needed.
Pupils’ Activity: Create their own designs independently.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarizing, guiding
Teacher’s Activity: Summarize the key concepts of the lesson and guide pupils in taking notes.
Pupils’ Activity: Take notes on the key concepts.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning, assessing
Teacher’s Activity: Ask questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.
Pupils’ activity: Answer the questions.

Objective-aligned checks:

1. Define elements of design.
2. Identify and describe various elements of design (lines, shapes, color, form, space, texture, value).
3. List and explain different sources of musical sound.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarizing, concluding
Teacher’s Activity: summarize the main points of the lesson and provide a preview of the next topic.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen to the summary and ask any remaining questions.

Lesson keywords

• Elements of Design – Basic visual components used to create art.
• Lines – A mark made on a surface that has length and direction.
• shapes – Two-dimensional areas defined by lines or outlines.
• Color – The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
• Form – The three-dimensional aspect of an object.
• Space – The area around and between objects.
• Texture – The surface quality of an object.
• Value – The lightness or darkness of a color.
• Musical Sounds – Sounds produced by musical instruments or voices.
• Voice – Sound produced by humans when singing, speaking, or making other vocalizations.
• instruments – Objects used to produce musical sounds.

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

1. What are the elements of design?
2. Name two sources of musical sound.
3. What is the difference between a line and a shape?
4. Give an example of a string instrument.
5. How can color create depth in a painting?

Assignment/Homework

1. Create a drawing using different lines and shapes.
2. List five different musical instruments and their sound sources.
3. Explain how texture can be used in art.

Differentiation

• For slower learners: Provide one-on-one assistance and simplified instructions.
• For advanced learners: Encourage them to explore more complex designs and experiment with different techniques.
• For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, audio examples, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure to provide clear examples and demonstrations for each element of design.Encourage pupils to express their creativity and provide constructive feedback.