Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 4
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Cultural And Creative Arts
Curriculum Theme: Cultural And Creative Arts
Previous Lesson: Figures of Speech with Types and Examples
Topic: Principles and Elements of Art and Design
Subject Matter: Principles and Elements of Art and Design

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify the basic elements of art and design.
(b) State the principles that guide the use of art elements.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of elements and principles in creating good artworks.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate the use of simple art elements such as lines, shapes, and colors in drawing.
Social Domain:
(a) Collaborate with peers in group discussions and practical activities on art design.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Getty Museum – “Principles of Design” (https://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/building_lessons/principles_design.pdf)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing elements and principles of art
Flash cards with keywords such as line, color, balance, and rhythm
Pencils, erasers, rulers, and drawing sheets
Pictures of artworks demonstrating different principles and elements
Multimedia projector or video clips (if available)

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding principles and elements of art enables pupils to create balanced, attractive, and meaningful artworks that improve their creativity and appreciation for design.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have seen and practiced simple drawings using lines, shapes, and colors in previous classes and can recognize patterns in everyday objects.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Principles and Elements of Art and Design

Elements of Art and Design

Elements of art and design are the basic building blocks used by artists to create visual works. They give form and meaning to artistic expression.

The following are elements of art and design:

Line – a continuous mark made on a surface that shows direction or movement.
Shape – a two-dimensional area defined by lines or edges.
Color – the visual effect caused by the reflection of light.
Texture – the surface quality of an object, how it feels or appears to feel.
Form – a three-dimensional object with depth, width, and height.
Value – the lightness or darkness of a color or tone.
Space – the area within, around, or between objects in an artwork.

Principles of Art and Design

Principles of art and design are the guidelines that organize and arrange the elements of art to achieve beauty and harmony.

The following are principles of art and design:

Balance – the equal distribution of visual weight in an artwork.
Contrast – the difference between elements to create emphasis.
Emphasis – making one part of the artwork stand out.
Rhythm – repetition of elements to create movement.
Proportion – the relationship in size between different parts of a work.
Unity – the sense of wholeness and completeness in an artwork.
Variety – the use of different elements to add interest and break monotony.

Relationship Between Elements and Principles

The elements are the raw materials of art, while the principles are the rules that guide how these materials are used. Good art combines both to create meaning and beauty.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Question and Answer, Demonstration, Group Work, Use of Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher shows pupils a picture of an artwork and asks them to observe what they see, guiding them to mention lines, colors, or shapes they notice.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and describe what they see in the artwork.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared to understand elements and principles of art.

Step 2: Elements of Art and Design

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains and lists the elements of art using charts and examples from artworks.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and identify elements in provided images.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the different elements of art.

Step 3: Principles of Art and Design

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses principles of art and design, linking them to real-life objects and artworks.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share examples of balance, rhythm, or emphasis they observe in their surroundings.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the guiding principles for using art elements.

Step 4: Relationship Between Elements and Principles

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains how elements and principles work together to create good designs.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in guided discussion and practice by sketching simple designs.
Learning Point: Pupils know how elements and principles complement each other.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the note into their books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

List five elements of art and design.
State three principles of art and design.
Explain the difference between elements and principles of art.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate their knowledge of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to observe artworks around them using the knowledge of elements and principles.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions where necessary.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate how elements and principles are applied in real-life art.

Home Task: Give three correct examples of Principles and Elements of Art and Design and explain what each example shows.

Lesson Keywords

Line – a continuous mark that shows direction or outline
Shape – a two-dimensional area formed by lines or boundaries
Balance – equal distribution of visual weight in a design
Rhythm – repetition that creates movement in an artwork
Unity – the sense of harmony in combining elements of art

Differentiation

Teacher uses visual aids and demonstrations for all learners, simplifies explanations for slow learners, and allows advanced learners to create complex sketches using principles and elements.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils actively participate by identifying elements and principles in real-life objects. Correct mistakes gently and encourage creativity in their sketches.