Physical Properties Of Acids And Bases for Primary 5

Class: Primary 5
Term: 3rd Term
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Meaning And Examples Of Acid And Base
Topic: Physical Properties Of Acids And Bases
Content/Learning Area: Physical properties Of Acids And Bases
Time Allocation: 40 minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson,pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain: Identify and list the physical properties of acids and bases.
• Affective Domain: Show interest in observing and describing chemical substances.
• Psychomotor Domain: Handle samples of acidic and basic substances during class experiments.
• Social Domain: Work in pairs or small groups to compare acids and bases.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of work
• NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
• Online facts from: Britannica – Acid | definition, Examples, Types, Uses, & Facts
• Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will employ the help of the following materials:

• Samples of acidic substances (lemon juice, vinegar)
• Samples of basic substances (soap solution, baking soda)
• Litmus paper (red and blue)
• Glass beakers
• Chart showing properties of acids and bases
• pH strips
• Whiteboard and marker

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the physical properties of acids and bases helps pupils identify and handle everyday substances safely and responsibly.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have been introduced to common household substances and no how to observe basic characteristics such as taste, touch, and color change.

Lesson Content

Physical Properties Of Acids And Bases

Physical Properties of Acids

Acids are substances with sour taste and special effects on some materials.

The following are physical properties of acids:

1. Sour taste
2. Turns blue litmus paper red
3. Feels watery when touched
4. Corrosive to metals
5. Has a pH value less than 7

Physical Properties of Bases

Bases are substances with a bitter taste and slippery feel.

The following are physical properties of bases:

1. Bitter taste
2. Turns red litmus paper blue
3. Feels slippery or soapy when touched
4. Does not react with most metals
5. Has a pH value greater than 7

Observable Properties and Indicator Tests

Dilute acids may react with some metals or carbonates, while bases may feel slippery, but touching and tasting are unsafe identification methods. Approved indicators provide safer observations: blue litmus turns red in an acid, and red litmus turns blue in a base.

A property is a characteristic observed in a controlled test. Colour alone is not enough because many acids and bases are colourless. Record the original indicator colour, the final colour and the conclusion.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Description, Demonstration, Visual Aids, group Work, Question and Answer

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 min
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher tells a story about a boy tasting lemon and soap, then asks questions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the story and answer questions.

Step 2: Meaning and Overview

Time: 5 min
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains what acids and bases are and their use in daily life.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and give examples they know.

Step 3: Properties of Acids

Time: 8 min
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher tests lemon juice and vinegar with blue litmus paper.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe color change and describe what they see.

Step 4: Properties of Bases

Time: 8 min
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher tests soap water and baking soda with red litmus paper.
Pupils’ Activity: pupils observe and describe reactions.

Step 5: examples of Acids and Bases

Time: 4 min
teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher lists and shows common examples of acids and bases using real items.Pupils’ Activity: Pupils match items with acids or bases.

Step 6: Note-taking

Time: 3 min
Teaching Skill: writing/Copying
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates the key notes for pupils to write.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the lesson content into their notebooks.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4 min
Teaching Skill: Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks oral and written questions to check understanding.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer and participate in activities.

Objective-aligned checks:

1. Identify and list the physical properties of acids and bases.
2. Work in pairs or small groups to compare acids and bases.

Step 8: Conclusion

time: 3 min
Teaching Skill: Instructional, Social
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher reviews key points and encourages pupils to observe substances at home.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils ask final questions and listen to recap.

Lesson Keywords

• Acid – A sour substance that turns blue litmus red
• Base – A bitter, slippery substance that turns red litmus blue
• Litmus paper – A paper used to test for acids or bases
• pH – A scale that shows if something is acidic or basic
• Corrosive – Able to damage or wear away other materials

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

1. What is the taste of acids?
2. What color does blue litmus turn in acid?
3. Name two physical properties of bases.
4. Mention three examples of acids.
5. Mention three examples of bases.
6. What is the pH value range of acids?
7. How do bases feel when touched?

Assignment/Homework

1. List five household items that are acids and five that are bases.
2. Explain how you can use litmus paper to identify an acid or a base.
3. Research and write down three safety precautions to take when handling acids and bases.

Differentiation

• For slower learners: Provide simplified explanations and more hands-on activities with direct supervision.
• For advanced learners: Challenge them to research different types of acids and bases and their uses in industries.
• For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids like charts and diagrams, explain concepts clearly, and incorporate hands-on experiments.

Note for Teachers

Use real-life items to keep pupils engaged. Always remind pupils not to taste chemicals during tests. Emphasize observation over handling where safety may be an issue.