Class: Primary 5
term: 3rd Term
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Major Land Marks In Nigeria, Olumo Rock
Topic: Meaning And Examples Of Acid And Base
Content/Learning Area: Meaning And Examples of Acid And Base
Time Allocation: 40 minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain: Explain the meaning of acid and base
Affective Domain: Appreciate the usefulness of acid and base in daily life
Psychomotor Domain: Identify samples of acid and base from home or school
Social Domain: Participate in group discussions about acids and bases

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Online Details from: Wikipedia – Acid
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials:

Lemon juice
Soap solution
Vinegar
Red and blue litmus papers
Plastic cups
Pictures or charts showing acidic and basic substances

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding acids and bases helps pupils identify useful or harmful substances in daily life and apply safety when using them.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have seen or used common substances like lemon, vinegar, and soap at home.

Lesson Content

Meaning And Examples Of Acid And Base

Acids and bases are special kinds of substances. Acids taste sour while bases feel soapy and can taste bitter.

Acid

An acid is a substance that tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red.

The following are examples of acids:

Lemon juice
Vinegar
Orange juice
Pineapple juice
Tomato juice
Lime juice
Grapefruit juice

Base

A base is a substance that tastes bitter or feels soapy and turns red litmus paper blue.

Examples are:

Soap water
Baking soda solution
ash water
Toothpaste
Washing soda
Bleach
Ammonia solution

Meaning and Familiar Examples of Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are groups of substances with different chemical behaviour. Familiar weak acidic examples include lemon juice and vinegar; familiar basic examples include soap solution and a supervised baking-soda solution. Water is often used as a neutral comparison.

Taste is not a classroom test. Use approved indicators under supervision. Unknown liquids, strong acids and strong alkalis may burn or poison and must never be touched or mixed by pupils.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Lecture, Storytelling, Explanation, Visual Aids, Group Work

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 mins
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher tells a story about drinking orange juice and noticing its sour taste
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and relate with the story

Step 2: meaning of Acid

Time: 7 mins
Teaching Skill: Explanation
teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of acid using lemon and litmus paper
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and describe changes in litmus paper

Step 3: Examples of Acids

Time: 5 mins
Teaching Skill: Visual Aids
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows examples like vinegar, tomato, and pineapple juice
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils name other acidic items they know

Step 4: Meaning of Base

Time: 7 mins
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains base using soap and red litmus paper
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and describe changes in litmus paper

Step 5: Examples of Bases

Time: 5 mins
teaching Skill: Group Work
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher guides pupils to group and list items they think are bases
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils work in groups and list items such as soap and ash

Step 6: Note-Taking

Time: 3 mins
Teaching Skill: Writing
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates and writes the notes on the board
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes into their notebooks

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 mins
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks review questions based on the lesson
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and write short responses

Objective-aligned checks:

Explain the meaning of acid and base.
Identify samples of acid and base from home or school.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 mins
Teaching Skill: Cognitive, Social
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes lesson, praises participation and links to next topic
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions and reflect on what they learned

Lesson Keywords

Acid – A sour-tasting substance that turns blue litmus paper red
Base – A bitter or soapy substance that turns red litmus paper blue
Litmus – A paper used to test for acids and bases
vinegar – A common acidic liquid used in cooking
soap – A basic substance used for washing

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Define an acid
Mention 3 examples of acids
Define a base
list 3 examples of bases
State the colour change of blue litmus paper in acid
Identify acid or base from given substances

Assignment/Homework

List five acids found at home.
List five bases found at home.
Explain what happens when you mix an acid and a base.
Research and write down three uses of acids in industries.
Research and write down three uses of bases in industries.

Differentiation

For slower learners: Provide simplified definitions and focus on identifying common examples.
For advanced learners: Encourage research on pH scale and neutralization reactions.
For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use colorful demonstrations, group discussions, and hands-on activities.

Note for Teachers

Ensure pupils do not taste substances during the lesson. Emphasize safety and supervise closely during demonstrations.