Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 3 – 4
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Dying and Bleaching
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: .
Topic: TITIQUE: TECHNIQUE OF TIE AND DYE
Subject Matter: Meaning of titique method, processes involved in titique tie and dye, materials used for titique technique, practical steps for stitching, gathering, tying, dyeing and rinsing.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define the titique method of tie and dye.
List the materials used for the titique technique.
Explain the practical steps involved in titique tie and dye.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the artistic value of titique patterned fabrics.
Develop interest in learning and practicing tie and dye techniques.

Psychomotor Domain:

Demonstrate the stitching, gathering, and tying processes of titique.
Produce a titique patterned fabric by following the practical steps.

Collaborate effectively with peers during practical activities.
Share resources and assist one another in completing the titique project.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Home Economics.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary Schools.
Anyanwu, A. (2012). Home Management and Textile Studies for Senior Secondary Schools. Learn Africa Plc.
https://www.textilelearner.net/tie-and-dye-techniques/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example-titique-video

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Cotton fabric (e.g., calico, poplin)
Needle and strong thread
Raffia or string
Cold water dyes
Basins or buckets
Gloves
Apron
Scissors
Measuring tape or ruler

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand a traditional Nigerian textile art form. Learning the titique method enables pupils to create unique fabric designs, which can foster creativity and provide skills for future entrepreneurial opportunities. It also connects them to cultural heritage.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of fabrics and may have encountered simple dyeing processes in previous lessons or at home.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

TITIQUE: TECHNIQUE OF TIE AND DYE

Meaning of Titique Method

Titique is a specific tie and dye technique where patterns are created on fabric by stitching and gathering parts of the fabric before dyeing. The stitched and gathered areas resist the dye, forming distinct designs when the stitches are removed.

Materials Used for Titique Technique

The following are common materials used for the titique technique:

Cotton fabric (e.g., poplin, calico)
Needle and strong thread (e.g., sewing thread, raffia, or string)
Dyes (cold water dyes are commonly used)
Basins or buckets (for dyeing and rinsing)
Gloves (to protect hands from dye)
Apron (to protect clothing)
Measuring tape or ruler (for marking patterns)
Scissors

Processes Involved in Titique Tie and Dye (Practical Steps)

The following are the practical steps involved in creating a titique patterned fabric:

1. Preparation of Fabric: Wash and iron the cotton fabric to remove any starch or impurities. Mark the desired pattern on the fabric with a pencil or chalk.
2. Stitching: Using a needle and strong thread, stitch along the marked lines. Different stitches like running stitch or backstitch can be used depending on the desired effect.
3. Gathering/Pulling: Pull the thread tightly to gather the stitched areas of the fabric. This creates a resisted area that will not absorb the dye. Secure the thread with a knot.
4. Tying (Optional): For some designs, additional tying with raffia or string can be done around the gathered portions to further enhance the resistance and create more defined patterns.
5. Dyeing: Prepare the dye solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Carefully immerse the prepared fabric into the dye bath. Stir the fabric regularly to ensure even dyeing and leave for the recommended time.
6. Rinsing: Remove the fabric from the dye bath and rinse it thoroughly under running cold water until the water runs clear. This removes excess dye and prevents bleeding.
7. Untying and Unstitching: Carefully cut and remove all the threads and raffia/strings used for gathering and tying.
8. Final Rinse and Drying: Give the fabric a final rinse. Hang the fabric to dry in a shaded area to prevent fading. Iron the fabric once dry.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the previous lesson briefly. The teacher then introduces the topic by showing samples of tie and dye fabrics, asking pupils if they know how such patterns are created. The teacher specifically mentions “titique” as one of the methods.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall the previous lesson, observe the fabric samples, and offer their ideas.
Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and their interest in the lesson is stimulated.

Step 2: Explanation of Titique Method

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Lecture
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines the titique method of tie and dye, explaining that it involves stitching and gathering fabric to create resist patterns before dyeing. The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, take notes, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the meaning of the titique method.

Step 3: Identification of Materials

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Listing/Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays the instructional materials and lists them on the board, explaining the purpose of each material in the titique process. The teacher encourages pupils to identify the materials.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the materials, identify them, and record the list in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and state the uses of materials for titique.

Step 4: Demonstration of Stitching and Gathering

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Instruction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the practical steps of preparing the fabric, marking patterns, stitching along the lines, and gathering the stitched areas tightly. The teacher ensures all pupils can see the demonstration clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, ask questions, and prepare their own fabric for practice.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can attempt the initial practical steps of titique.

Step 5: Practical Work – Tying and Dyeing

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guidance/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils as they practice tying their gathered fabric (if applicable) and then prepare the dye solution. The teacher supervises pupils as they carefully immerse their prepared fabrics into the dye bath, ensuring safety and proper technique.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils follow the teacher’s instructions, tie their fabric, prepare the dye, and immerse their fabrics for dyeing.
Learning Point: Pupils gain hands-on experience in the tying and dyeing stages of titique.

Step 6: Practical Work – Rinsing and Untying

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Instruction/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher instructs pupils on how to properly rinse the dyed fabric until the water runs clear. The teacher then guides them on how to carefully untie and un-stitch the fabric to reveal the patterns.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils rinse their fabrics, untie and un-stitch, observing the patterns that emerge.
Learning Point: Pupils complete the practical steps and observe the outcome of their work.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is the titique method of tie and dye?
Mention four materials used in the titique technique.
List the first three practical steps involved in creating a titique patterned fabric.
Why is it important to rinse the fabric thoroughly after dyeing?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 0 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of titique as a textile art and a skill. The teacher assigns pupils to complete drying their fabrics and bring them for display in the next class.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and note down the assignment.
Learning Point: The lesson is concluded, and pupils receive further instructions.

Lesson Keywords

Titique – A tie and dye method involving stitching and gathering fabric to create patterns.
Tie and Dye – A resist dyeing technique where areas of fabric are tied or manipulated to prevent dye absorption.
Stitching – The process of using a needle and thread to create lines on fabric.
Gathering – Pulling stitched threads tight to bring fabric together, creating folds and resist areas.
Dyeing – The process of immersing fabric in a colored solution to change its color.
Rinsing – Washing away excess dye from fabric with clean water after dyeing.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can challenge them to experiment with different stitching patterns or combinations of colors. For pupils requiring more support, the teacher will provide closer supervision during practical work, offering step-by-step assistance and simplified instructions, or pairing them with more capable peers.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all practical materials are ready and available before the lesson begins. Safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and aprons, should be strictly enforced during the dyeing process. Allocate sufficient space for pupils to work on their practical tasks. Encourage creativity and allow pupils to explore different pattern ideas within the titique technique.