Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: First Term
Week: 11
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Dying and Bleaching
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Plain Dyeing: Preparation and Dye Bath Setup.
Topic: PLAIN DYING (ANOTHER COLOR)
Subject Matter: Process of plain dyeing in another colour, superimposing darker colour over lighter colour, preparing second dye bath, controlling shade depth, rinsing and drying after second dyeing.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Explain the process of plain dyeing a fabric in another colour.
Describe the principle of superimposing a darker colour over a lighter one.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of safety precautions during dyeing.
Value the skill of transforming fabric colours through dyeing.

Psychomotor Domain:

Prepare a second dye bath correctly.
Perform the plain dyeing process to achieve another colour.
Control the depth of shade during the second dyeing.
Rinse and dry a re-dyed fabric appropriately.

Work cooperatively when sharing dyeing equipment.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Home Economics.
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary Schools.
Okoro, N. (2018). Home Management for Senior Secondary Schools. University Press PLC.
https://www.textilelearner.com/2021/04/over-dyeing-process-in-textile-industry.html
https://www.ritdye.com/dyeing-techniques/overdyeing/

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Previously dyed fabric samples (in a lighter colour).
Darker dye colour (e.g., fabric dye powder/liquid).
Basins or buckets for dyeing.
Stirring spoons or rods.
Protective gloves and aprons.
Clean water supply.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to change the colour of an already dyed fabric. This skill is important for repurposing old clothes or correcting dyeing mistakes, enabling pupils to extend the life of textile items and be creative with fabric colours.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of plain dyeing and colour mixing principles.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

PLAIN DYING (ANOTHER COLOR)

Concept of Plain Dyeing in Another Colour (Overdyeing)

Plain dyeing in another colour, also known as overdyeing, is the process of applying a new dye colour to a fabric that has already been dyed a different colour. This technique is used to change the original colour, refresh faded items, or create new colour combinations.

Principle of Superimposing Darker Colour Over Lighter Colour

When dyeing an already coloured fabric, the new dye colour mixes with the existing colour. To achieve a predictable and desired new colour, it is generally recommended to use a darker dye colour over a lighter existing fabric colour. This is because the darker pigment can effectively cover or blend with the lighter one. Attempting to dye a dark fabric with a lighter dye will usually not yield a noticeable change.

Steps in Plain Dyeing (Another Colour)

The following are the steps involved in plain dyeing a fabric in another colour:

Preparation of fabric: Ensure the fabric is clean, pre-washed, and damp. Remove any stains or finishes that might hinder dye absorption.
Preparation of the second dye bath:
- Fill a basin with the appropriate amount of hot water (temperature depends on the dye type).
- Dissolve the chosen darker dye colour thoroughly in a small amount of hot water first.
- Add the dissolved dye to the main dye bath, stirring well.
- Add any necessary dye fixatives or salt as recommended by the dye manufacturer.
Dyeing process:
- Carefully immerse the damp, previously dyed fabric into the second dye bath.
- Stir the fabric continuously and gently to ensure even dye penetration and prevent streaks.
- Keep the fabric submerged for the recommended dyeing time.

Controlling Shade Depth

Controlling the shade depth during overdyeing is important to achieve the desired final colour. This can be done by:

Adjusting the concentration of the dye in the bath.
Varying the dyeing time; longer immersion generally results in a deeper shade.
Testing a small, inconspicuous part of the fabric or a swatch if available.

Rinsing and Drying After Second Dyeing

After the desired shade is achieved, the fabric must be properly rinsed and dried:

Rinsing: Remove the fabric from the dye bath and rinse it thoroughly under cool running water until the water runs clear. This removes excess dye and prevents bleeding.
Drying: Gently squeeze out excess water. Hang the fabric to air dry away from direct sunlight, or machine dry on a low setting if suitable for the fabric type.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them if they have ever seen a fabric change colour, or if they have an old faded shirt they wish was a different colour. The teacher then introduces the topic of dyeing fabric in another colour.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and introduced to the lesson topic.

Step 2: Explanation of Plain Dyeing in Another Colour

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Lecture
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what plain dyeing in another colour (overdyeing) means, using simple terms and showing previously dyed fabric samples. The teacher also explains why people choose to dye fabrics in another colour.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the fabric samples, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept and purpose of overdyeing.

Step 3: Discussing the Principle of Superimposing Colours

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the principle of superimposing a darker colour over a lighter one, using examples of colour mixing. The teacher asks pupils why dyeing a dark fabric with a lighter colour might not work well.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in the discussion, offer their ideas, and understand why darker dyes are used over lighter fabrics.
Learning Point: Pupils grasp the principle behind effective colour change during overdyeing.

Step 4: Preparing the Second Dye Bath

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Practical
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to prepare the second dye bath, including dissolving the dye, adding it to water, and incorporating any necessary additives (salt/fixative) while observing safety precautions (gloves, apron).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, noting the steps and safety measures.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the correct procedure for preparing a dye bath for overdyeing.

Step 5: Performing the Dyeing Process and Controlling Shade Depth

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Guidance
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to immerse the fabric, stir it continuously, and monitor the shade development. The teacher explains how to control the shade depth by adjusting dyeing time or dye concentration.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the dyeing process and understand how to control the final colour shade.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the practical application of overdyeing and shade control.

Step 6: Rinsing and Drying Procedures

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Instruction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the importance of thorough rinsing until the water runs clear and demonstrates how to gently squeeze out excess water. The teacher then instructs on proper drying methods.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and understand the final steps of rinsing and drying.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the correct post-dyeing care for the fabric.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define plain dyeing in another colour.
Explain why a darker colour is usually superimposed over a lighter colour during overdyeing.
Mention three steps involved in preparing a second dye bath.
State two ways to control the shade depth when dyeing a fabric.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the process of plain dyeing in another colour. The teacher assigns pupils to list household items that could benefit from overdyeing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and apply it to real-life situations.

Lesson Keywords

Overdyeing – The process of dyeing an already coloured fabric with a new dye colour to change its appearance.
Superimposing – Placing one thing on top of another, in this context, applying a new dye colour over an existing one.
Dye bath – A solution of dye and water, often with other chemicals, used for dyeing fabrics.
Shade depth – The intensity or darkness of a colour on a fabric.
Rinsing – Washing a dyed fabric with clean water to remove any excess or unfixed dye.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp the concept quickly, the teacher can challenge them to suggest alternative methods for achieving varied shades or discuss how different fabric types might react to overdyeing. For pupils needing more support, the teacher can provide a step-by-step checklist for the dyeing process and offer one-on-one guidance during practical demonstrations.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all safety precautions are strictly followed during any practical demonstration involving dyes and hot water. Emphasize the importance of proper ventilation. Encourage pupils to bring small fabric scraps for a practical session in a subsequent lesson if resources permit.