Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Dying and Bleaching
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Tie and Dye Techniques: Right Angle Folding Method.
Topic: MARBLING METHOD; (SQUEEZING METHOD).
Subject Matter: meaning of marbling in tie and dye, squeezing cloth into ball form, applying dye to create marbled effect, observing sample marbling work.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define marbling in tie and dye.
List the materials needed for marbling.
Explain the steps involved in the squeezing method of marbling.

Affective Domain:

Observe carefully during the teacher’s demonstration.
Ask relevant questions for clarification.
Appreciate the artistic outcome of marbling.

Psychomotor Domain:

Squeeze cloth into a ball form correctly.
Apply dye to create a marbled effect on fabric.
Produce a sample marbled fabric using the squeezing method.

Share observations and ideas with peers during practical work.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Cultural and Creative Arts (CCA).
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary Schools.
Any relevant Textile Design/Dyeing and Bleaching textbook for SS1.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Cotton cloth
Dyes (various colours)
Basins
Gloves
Rubber bands or raffia
Sample marbled fabric

Rationale for the Lesson

Marbling is an interesting tie and dye technique that allows pupils to create unique patterns. Understanding this method helps pupils develop practical skills in fabric decoration and appreciate creativity in textile arts.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of tie and dye techniques and some experience with fabric manipulation.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

MARBLING METHOD (SQUEEZING METHOD)

Meaning of Marbling in Tie and Dye

Marbling is a tie and dye technique where fabric is manipulated, usually by squeezing or crumpling, and then dyed to create irregular, often swirled or mottled patterns that resemble marble.

Materials Needed for Marbling (Squeezing Method)

The following materials are needed for marbling using the squeezing method:

Cotton cloth (or other suitable natural fabric)
Fabric dyes (cold water dyes are common)
Basins or buckets (for mixing dye and rinsing)
Gloves (to protect hands from dye)
Rubber bands or raffia (optional, for securing squeezed fabric)
Water
Salt (for fixing dye)
Squeeze bottles or sponges (for applying dye)

Steps in the Squeezing Method of Marbling

The squeezing method involves manipulating the fabric before applying dye. The steps are:

Preparation: Wash and soak the fabric in water to ensure even dye absorption.
Squeezing: Take the damp fabric and squeeze it firmly into a tight ball or irregular shape.
Securing (Optional): You can use rubber bands or raffia to hold the squeezed fabric in its shape, though it’s often done without.
Dye Application: Carefully apply different colours of dye directly onto the surface of the squeezed fabric ball, allowing them to seep into the folds.
Batching: Place the dyed fabric in a plastic bag or wrap it in plastic film for several hours (e.g., 6-24 hours) to allow the dye to fix properly.
Rinsing: Rinse the fabric under cold water until the water runs clear.
Washing: Wash the fabric with a mild soap to remove any excess dye.
Drying: Hang the fabric to dry.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets pupils, briefly reviews the previous lesson, introduces the topic of marbling by showing a sample marbled fabric, and asks pupils to describe the pattern.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall the previous lesson, observe the sample, and describe the patterns.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to marbling and its visual characteristics.

Step 2: Explanation of Marbling

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of marbling in tie and dye, emphasizing that it creates patterns resembling marble. The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, take notes, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition of marbling.

Step 3: Identification of Materials

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays the instructional materials (cotton cloth, dyes, basins, gloves, etc.) and lists them, explaining their use in the marbling process.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the materials, identify them, and note their uses.
Learning Point: Pupils identify and understand the function of materials for marbling.

Step 4: Demonstration of Squeezing Method

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modelling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the practical steps of the squeezing method: preparing the cloth, squeezing it into a ball, and applying dyes to different parts of the squeezed fabric. The teacher explains each step clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, paying attention to the technique and asking questions.
Learning Point: Pupils observe the practical application of the squeezing method.

Step 5: Guided Practice

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils as they attempt to squeeze their own pieces of cloth into ball forms and apply dye, providing individual assistance and feedback.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice squeezing cloth and applying dye under the teacher’s guidance, trying to create marbled effects.
Learning Point: Pupils gain hands-on experience in the marbling technique.

Step 6: Observation and Guidance

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Observation/Correction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher circulates around the classroom, observing pupils’ progress, correcting mistakes, and offering further tips for effective dye application and pattern creation.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils continue with their practical work, incorporating the teacher’s feedback.
Learning Point: Pupils refine their practical skills in marbling.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is marbling in tie and dye?
Mention three materials needed for the squeezing method of marbling.
Briefly explain two steps involved in the squeezing method of marbling.
Describe the type of pattern created by the marbling method.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, encourages pupils to practice marbling at home, and assigns homework if necessary.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and ask any final questions.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are encouraged to continue practicing.

Lesson Keywords

Marbling – A tie and dye technique that creates patterns resembling marble.
Squeezing Method – A marbling technique where fabric is squeezed into a ball before dye application.
Dye – Colouring matter used to permanently change the colour of fabric.
Fabric Manipulation – The process of folding, twisting, or squeezing fabric to create patterns before dyeing.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp the concept quickly, the teacher can challenge them to experiment with colour blending or different squeezing variations. For those needing more support, the teacher will provide closer supervision and step-by-step guidance during the practical session.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all materials are prepared beforehand. Emphasize safety precautions when handling dyes. Encourage creativity and experimentation with colour combinations.