Class: Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS 3 / JS3)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 8
Age: 14 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Drawing Practices: Pictorial Drawing and Oblique Drawing.
Topic: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
Subject Matter: Definition: One Point Perspective

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define perspective drawing.
Identify the key elements of one-point perspective drawing.
State the purpose of perspective drawing.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the use of perspective drawing in creating realistic images.
Show interest in learning different types of drawing techniques.

Psychomotor Domain:

Sketch a simple object using one-point perspective.
Correctly use drawing tools to create perspective drawings.

Work collaboratively with peers to understand drawing concepts.
Share their drawings and provide constructive feedback.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Science and Technology for Junior Secondary Schools, Book 3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYc5o88rF7g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_Yw4xH4w5M

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Drawing board
Pencils (HB, 2B)
Ruler/straight edge
Eraser
Drawing paper
Examples of one-point perspective drawings (pictures or printouts)
Chalkboard/Whiteboard

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface, making drawings appear realistic. It enables them to apply basic drawing principles in various technical and artistic fields.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have basic knowledge of geometric shapes, lines, and simple drawing techniques.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

Definition of Perspective Drawing

Perspective drawing is a technique used to create the illusion of depth and distance on a flat surface. It makes objects appear three-dimensional and realistic, just as they are seen by the human eye.

Types of Perspective Drawing

There are different types of perspective drawing, including:

One-point perspective
Two-point perspective
Three-point perspective

One-Point Perspective Drawing

One-point perspective is a drawing method where lines parallel to the viewer’s line of sight converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon line. It is commonly used for drawing objects directly facing the viewer, like a road going into the distance or the interior of a room.

Key Elements of One-Point Perspective:

Horizon Line (HL): An imaginary horizontal line that represents the eye level of the viewer. All vanishing points lie on this line.
Vanishing Point (VP): A single point on the horizon line where all parallel lines receding into the distance appear to converge.
Picture Plane (PP): The imaginary transparent plane between the viewer and the scene, where the drawing is created.
Ground Line (GL): The line where the picture plane meets the ground.

Steps for Drawing a Simple Cube in One-Point Perspective

Example 1: Drawing a Cube above the Horizon Line

Step 1: Draw the Horizon Line (HL) and Vanishing Point (VP). Draw a horizontal line across the middle of your paper and place a point on it, usually in the center.
Step 2: Draw the Front Face. Draw a square (or rectangle) above the HL. This is the front face of your cube.
Step 3: Draw Orthogonal Lines. From each corner of the square, draw light lines (orthogonal lines) extending back to the Vanishing Point (VP).
Step 4: Define the Back Face. Along the orthogonal lines, draw a smaller square parallel to the front face. This forms the back face of the cube.
Step 5: Erase Unnecessary Lines. Erase the parts of the orthogonal lines that are inside the cube or extend beyond the back face. Darken the final lines of the cube.

Example 2: Drawing a Road Receding into the Distance

Step 1: Draw the Horizon Line (HL) and Vanishing Point (VP). Draw a horizontal line and place a VP in the center.
Step 2: Draw the Road Edges. From the bottom edge of your paper, draw two lines (orthogonal lines) extending upwards to the Vanishing Point. These form the sides of the road.
Step 3: Add Details (Optional). You can add details like telephone poles or trees along the sides, making them smaller as they get closer to the vanishing point to enhance the illusion of depth.
Step 4: Darken Final Lines. Darken the lines of the road.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them if they have ever noticed how objects appear smaller when they are far away. The teacher then explains that today’s lesson is about drawing objects to look realistic, just like we see them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the concept of representing depth in drawing.

Step 2: Definition of Perspective Drawing

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines perspective drawing and explains its purpose using simple language and visual examples. The teacher also introduces the different types of perspective drawing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the meaning and types of perspective drawing.

Step 3: Introduction to One-Point Perspective

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher focuses on one-point perspective, explaining its key elements: Horizon Line (HL), Vanishing Point (VP), Picture Plane (PP), and Ground Line (GL). The teacher draws these elements on the board and shows examples of one-point perspective drawings.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the drawings, identify the elements, and copy notes.
Learning Point: Pupils identify and understand the components of one-point perspective.

Step 4: Demonstration of One-Point Perspective Drawing (Example 1)

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to draw a simple cube or rectangular prism using one-point perspective on the board, explaining each step clearly and slowly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils pay close attention to the demonstration and ask questions. Some may attempt to follow along in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils observe the practical application of one-point perspective.

Step 5: Guided Practice and Demonstration (Example 2)

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to draw another simple object, like a road or a room interior, using one-point perspective. The teacher walks around to assist individual pupils.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils actively participate in drawing, applying the steps demonstrated earlier.
Learning Point: Pupils practice and apply the drawing technique with guidance.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is perspective drawing?
Mention two types of perspective drawing.
Name three key elements of one-point perspective drawing.
In one-point perspective, where do parallel lines appear to meet?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the main points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of perspective drawing in creating realistic images. The teacher assigns homework: “Draw a simple house or a railway track using one-point perspective.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further practice.

Lesson Keywords

Perspective Drawing – A technique to create depth and distance on a flat surface.
One-Point Perspective – A drawing method with one vanishing point on the horizon line.
Horizon Line (HL) – An imaginary line representing the viewer’s eye level.
Vanishing Point (VP) – A point on the horizon line where parallel lines appear to converge.
Orthogonal Lines – Lines that recede to the vanishing point.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp the concept quickly, the teacher can challenge them to draw more complex objects or introduce two-point perspective. For those who need more support, the teacher will provide one-on-one guidance and simpler drawing templates.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure you have clear visual aids or actual examples of perspective drawings. Practice drawing the examples beforehand to demonstrate smoothly. Encourage pupils to use light lines for initial sketches before darkening. Provide ample drawing time and individual feedback.