Human Body, The Mouth III for Primary 4

Class: Primary four
Term: Second Term
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Human Body, The Mouth II
Topic: The Roles of the tongue and Lips in feeding
Content/Learning Area: The Roles of the Tongue and Lip in Feeding, what is the Tongue?, Roles of the Tongue in Feeding, What are the Lips?, Roles of the Lips in Feeding
Time Allocation: 40 minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain:

1. Describe the functions of the tongue and lips in feeding.
2. Explain how the tongue helps in tasting, manipulating, and swallowing food.
3. Identify the roles of the lips in holding food,sensing temperature,and aiding sucking.
4. Affective Domain:
5. Appreciate the importance of the tongue and lips in healthy eating.
6. Show interest in learning about the human body.
7. Psychomotor Domain:
8. Demonstrate the movement of the tongue and lips during eating and drinking.
9. Social Domain:
10. participate in discussions on the importance of mouth parts in communication and social interactions.

Reference Materials

• 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of Work
• NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will employ the help of the following materials:

• whiteboard or chart
• Markers or pens
• Pictures or diagrams of the mouth, tongue, and lips

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the functions of the tongue and lips is crucial for appreciating the importance of oral hygiene and healthy eating habits. This knowledge forms a foundation for future lessons on digestion and overall health.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of the human body and its parts.

Lesson Content

The Roles of the Tongue and Lips in Feeding

The mouth is vital for eating and speaking, and this lesson will focus on the tongue and lips.

What is the Tongue?

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth that plays a crucial role in various functions.

Roles of the Tongue in Feeding

the tongue performs several essential functions during the process of feeding. These include:

1. Tasting Food: Taste buds detect sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami tastes.
2. Manipulating Food: Moves food for effective chewing.
3. Forming Bolus: Shapes chewed food into a bolus for easy swallowing.
4. Swallowing: Pushes the bolus of food towards the esophagus to initiate swallowing.
5. Cleansing: Helps to clean the mouth by removing food particles from teeth and gums.
6. Digestion: The tongue aids in the initial stages of digestion by mixing food with saliva, which contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates.

What are the Lips?

Lips are the fleshy structures surrounding the mouth, playing a vital role in various functions.

Roles of the Lips in Feeding

The lips perform several crucial functions during feeding. These include:

1. Holding Food: Keeps food securely in the mouth during chewing.
2. Sensing Temperature: Checks the temperature of food and drinks to prevent burns.
3. Aiding Sucking: Helps with drinking liquids and sucking from straws or bottles.
4. Speech: Crucial for forming words, which is often linked to eating and social situations.
5. Sealing: Creates a seal to prevent food and liquids from spilling out of the mouth.
6. Expression: Conveys emotions and signals related to hunger, satisfaction, or taste preferences.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Question and answer, Demonstration.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Asks pupils what they ate for breakfast and how they used their tongues and lips to eat.
Pupils’ Activity: Respond to the teacher’s questions and share their experiences.

Step 2: clarification of Key Concepts

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Explains the functions of the tongue and lips using pictures and diagrams.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and ask questions.

Step 3: Demonstration/Guided Practice

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Demonstrates the movement of the tongue and lips while eating and drinking.Pupils’ Activity: Observe the demonstration and mimic the movements.

Step 4: Self-Reliant Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s activity: Asks pupils to describe the roles of the tongue and lips in their own words.
Pupils’ Activity: Answer the teacher’s questions.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Note-taking
Teacher’s Activity: Guides pupils in taking notes on the key concepts.
Pupils’ Activity: write down the main points of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: Asks review questions to assess understanding.
Pupils’ Activity: Answer the review questions.

Objective-aligned checks:

1. Describe the functions of the tongue and lips in feeding.
2. Explain how the tongue helps in tasting, manipulating, and swallowing food.
3. Identify the roles of the lips in holding food,sensing temperature,and aiding sucking.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarizing
teacher’s Activity: summarizes the key points of the lesson and emphasizes the importance of oral hygiene.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and ask any remaining questions.

Lesson Keywords

• Tongue – A muscular organ in the mouth used for tasting, manipulating food, and swallowing.
• Lips – Fleshy structures surrounding the mouth, used for holding food, sensing temperature, and aiding sucking.
• Taste buds – Sensory receptors on the tongue that detect different tastes.
• Bolus – A rounded mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.
• Swallowing – The process of moving food from the mouth to the esophagus.

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

1. What are the four main tastes the tongue can detect?
2. How does the tongue help us swallow food?
3. Why is it important to know if food is too hot before eating it?
4. How do our lips help us eat and drink?
5. Why is it important to take care of our mouths?

Assignment/Homework

1. Draw a diagram of the mouth and label the tongue and lips.
2. Write a short paragraph explaining the roles of the tongue and lips in feeding.
3. List three ways to take care of your mouth and keep it healthy.

Differentiation

• For slower learners: Provide one-on-one assistance and use simpler language.
• For advanced learners: Encourage them to research further on the topic and present their findings to the class.
• For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, verbal explanations, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure to use real-life examples and demonstrations to make the lesson engaging and relatable for the pupils. Emphasize the importance of oral hygiene and healthy eating habits.