Lesson Note on Ginin Kalma: Ɗafi Da Nau’ukan Ɗafa for SS 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS 2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Hausa
Curriculum Theme: Nahawu da Tsarin Harshe (Grammar and Language Structure)
Previous Lesson: Ginin Kalmomi: Ma’ana Da Saiwa Ko Tushen Kalma.
Topic: Ginin Kalma
Subject Matter: Abubuwan da kalma ta ƙunsa (sassan ginin kalma), ɗafi, ɗafa-goshi, ɗafa-ciki, ɗafa-ƙeya (tare da misalai)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Su bayyana ma’anar ginin kalma da nau’ukan ɗafi daban-daban.
• Su gane abubuwan da kalma ta ƙunsa kamar ɗafi, ɗafa-goshi, ɗafa-ciki, da ɗafa-ƙeya.
• Su bambanta tsakanin nau’ukan ɗafi daban-daban.

Affective Domain:

• Su nuna sha’awa wajen fahimtar yadda kalmomi ke ginawa a harshen Hausa.
• Su fahimci muhimmancin ɗafafuka wajen faɗaɗa harshe da samar da sabbin kalmomi.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Su gina sabbin kalmomi ta amfani da ɗafafuka daban-daban.
• Su yi amfani da ɗafafuka yadda ya kamata a cikin jimla.

Social Domain:

• Su iya amfani da ingantattun kalmomi a cikin maganarsu ta yau da kullum.
• Su yi aiki tare don gano da kuma gina kalmomi masu ɗafi.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
• State Unified Scheme of Work
• Daga Bakin Mai Ita: Littafin Hausa na Manyan Makarantun Sakandare SS2.
• https://www.hausa.info/grammar/word-formation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HausaWordFormation

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Littafi
• Allo
• Alƙalami
• Takardun aiki
• Jerin kalmomi

Rationale for the Lesson

Wannan darasi yana da muhimmanci domin yana taimakawa ɗalibai su fahimci yadda ake gina kalmomi a harshen Hausa. Ta hanyar sanin ginin kalma, ɗalibai za su iya faɗaɗa ƙamusinsu kuma su inganta yadda suke amfani da harshen Hausa yadda ya kamata.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Ana sa ran ɗalibai suna da masaniya game da nau’ukan kalmomi na asali kamar suna, aikatau, da sifili.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Ginin Kalma

Ma’anar Ginin Kalma

Ginin kalma shine tsari ko hanyar da ake bi wajen samar da sabbin kalmomi ko kuma canza ma’anar kalma ta asali ta hanyar ƙara mata wani sashi (ɗafi) a gaba, a tsakiya, ko a baya.

Abubuwan da Kalma ta Kunsa

Kalma tana iya ƙunsar sassa biyu manya:

• Asalin Kalma (Root/Stem): Wannan shine babban sashi na kalma wanda yake ɗauke da ma’ana ta asali. Misali: “rubutu”, “ci”, “kafa”.
• Ɗafi (Affix): Wannan shine sashi da ake ƙarawa asalin kalma don canza ma’anarta ko kuma nau’inta.

Nau’ukan Ɗafi

A harshen Hausa, akwai manyan nau’ukan ɗafi guda uku:

1. Ɗafa-goshi (Prefix)

Ɗafa-goshi shine ɗafi da ake ƙarawa a farkon asalin kalma don canza ma’anarta ko nau’inta.

Misalai:

• Mai- + kifi = Maikifi (wanda yake da kifi ko mai kamun kifi)
• Ma- + sayar = Masayar (wurin sayarwa)
• Mar- + lafiya = Marlafiya (wanda ba shi da lafiya)
• Ɗan- + dako = Ɗandako (mai dako)

2. Ɗafa-ciki (Infix)

Ɗafa-ciki shine ɗafi da ake saka a tsakiyar asalin kalma don canza ma’anarta ko nau’inta. A Hausa, ɗafa-ciki ba su da yawa kamar ɗafa-goshi da ɗafa-ƙeya, amma akwai misalai kaɗan a wasu kalmomi musamman a cikin aikatau.

Misalai:

• fa-ɗi → faɗaɗɗe (inda ‘aɗ’ ya shiga tsakanin ‘f’ da ‘i’)
• za-na → zananne (inda ‘an’ ya shiga tsakanin ‘z’ da ‘a’)
• gida → gidadɗe (inda ‘aɗ’ ya shiga tsakanin ‘gid’ da ‘a’)

Lura: Misalan ɗafa-ciki a Hausa ba su da yawa kuma suna iya zama masu rikitarwa fiye da sauran nau’ukan ɗafi.

3. Ɗafa-ƙeya (Suffix)

Ɗafa-ƙeya shine ɗafi da ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen asalin kalma don canza ma’anarta ko nau’inta.

Misalai:

• rubutu + -wa = Rubutawa (aikin rubutawa)
• gudu + -wa = Gudawa (aikin gudu)
• ci + -ye = Ciye (aikin ci)
• mota + -ci = Motaci (jam’in mota)
• gida + -je = Gidaje (jam’in gida)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai gaishe da ɗalibai kuma ya tambaye su abin da suka tuna game da darasin da suka gabata. Sannan zai gabatar da darasin Ginin Kalma.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su amsa gaisuwar malamin kuma su tuna darasin da ya gabata. Sannan za su mai da hankali kan sabon darasin.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun tuna darasin da ya gabata kuma sun san sabon darasin.

Step 2: Gabatar da Ginin Kalma

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ma’anar ginin kalma da kuma abubuwan da kalma ta ƙunsa (asalinta da ɗafi).
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara da kyau kuma su rubuta bayanan da malamin ya bayar.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun fahimci ma’anar ginin kalma.

Step 3: Bayanin Ɗafa-goshi

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Misalai
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ɗafa-goshi (prefix) tare da ba da misalai da yawa a kan allo, kamar “mai-“, “ma-“, “mar-“, “ɗan-“.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su rubuta bayanin da misalan ɗafa-goshi, sannan su yi ƙoƙarin ba da nasu misalan.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun gane ɗafa-goshi da yadda ake amfani da shi.

Step 4: Bayanin Ɗafa-ciki

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani da Misalai
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ɗafa-ciki (infix) da kuma yadda yake aiki a cikin kalmomin Hausa, tare da ba da misalai kamar “faɗaɗɗe”, “zananne”.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara, rubuta bayanan, kuma su fahimci misalan ɗafa-ciki.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun fahimci ɗafa-ciki duk da cewa ba su da yawa.

Step 5: Bayanin Ɗafa-ƙeya

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Misalai da Aiki
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ɗafa-ƙeya (suffix) tare da ba da misalai daban-daban a kan allo, kamar “-wa”, “-ye”, “-ci”, “-je”. Zai kuma ba ɗalibai aikin gina kalmomi da ɗafa-ƙeya.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su rubuta bayanan da misalai, sannan su yi aikin da aka ba su na gina kalmomi.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun gane ɗafa-ƙeya da yadda ake amfani da shi.

Step 6: Aikin Aji

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Aiki da Haɗin Kai
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai raba ɗalibai zuwa ƙungiyoyi, kuma ya ba su jerin kalmomin asali don su ƙara musu ɗafafuka daban-daban don gina sabbin kalmomi.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su yi aiki tare a cikin ƙungiyoyinsu don gina sabbin kalmomi ta amfani da ɗafafuka.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun yi aiki tare kuma sun yi amfani da ilimin su na ginin kalma.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Mene ne ginin kalma?
2. Ka lissafo nau’ukan ɗafi guda uku da ka koya.
3. Ka ba da misalai guda biyu na ɗafa-goshi.
4. Yaya ɗafa-ƙeya yake canza ma’anar kalma?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Takaitawa
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai taƙaita darasin ta hanyar sake jaddada mahimman abubuwan da aka koya game da ginin kalma da nau’ukan ɗafi. Zai kuma ba da aikin gida.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara kuma su rubuta aikin gida.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun yi nazari kan darasin kuma sun sami aikin gida.

Lesson Keywords

• Ginin Kalma – Hanyar samar da sabbin kalmomi ko canza ma’ana ta hanyar ɗafi.
• Ɗafi – Sashi da ake ƙarawa asalin kalma don canza ma’anarta.
• Ɗafa-goshi – Ɗafi da ake ƙarawa a farkon kalma.
• Ɗafa-ciki – Ɗafi da ake sakawa a tsakiyar kalma.
• Ɗafa-ƙeya – Ɗafi da ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen kalma.

Differentiation

The teacher will provide additional support to struggling learners through simplified explanations and more examples. Advanced learners will be challenged with complex word formation exercises and encouraged to find more examples of infixes in Hausa.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure that pupils actively participate in the lesson by providing examples and engaging in group activities. Emphasize the practical application of word formation in daily communication. Encourage pupils to read more Hausa texts to identify different types of affixes.