Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS 2)
Term: Second Term
Week: 4
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Hausa
Curriculum Theme: Nazarin Sauti (Phonetics)
Previous Lesson: Furucin Baƙaƙe Da Wasula: Tsarin Sauti Da Misalai.
Topic: Ci gaba da furicin baƙaƙe da wasula
Subject Matter: Furucin baƙaƙe (gurbin furuci, yanayin furuci, matsayin maƙwallato mai ziza da marar ziza), furucin wasula (tsayi, siga, tagwan wasali)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Su fahimci gurbin furuci da yanayin furuci na baƙaƙe.
Su rarrabe baƙaƙe masu ziza da marasa ziza.
Su gane tsayi, siga, da tagwan wasali.

Affective Domain:

Su nuna sha’awar koyon yadda ake furta sauti daidai.
Su godewa mahimmancin ingantaccen furuci a harshen Hausa.

Psychomotor Domain:

Su furta baƙaƙe da wasula daidai gwargwadon ka’idojin furuci.
Su yi amfani da jadawalin sauti wajen gano gurbin furuci.

Su yi amfani da ingantaccen furuci wajen sadarwa da takwarorinsu.
Su taimaka wa junansu wajen gyara furuci.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Littafin Koyar da Harshen Hausa na Sakandire (misali, littafin Hausa na SS2)
https://www.nigerianfinder.com/lesson-note-on-hausa-language-for-ss2-second-term-week-4/

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Jadawalin sauti
Littafi
Allo
Alƙalami
Hotunan gurbin furuci

Rationale for the Lesson

Wannan darasi yana da mahimmanci domin yana taimaka wa ɗalibai su inganta furucin kalmomin Hausa daidai. Hakan zai sa su fahimci harshen Hausa yadda ya kamata tare da inganta fasaharsu ta sadarwa.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of Hausa sounds and may have been introduced to some aspects of phonetics in previous classes.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Ci gaba da furucin baƙaƙe da wasula

Furucin Baƙaƙe

Furucin baƙaƙe yana nufin yadda ake fitar da sauti na baƙaƙe a harshen Hausa. Ana nazarin furucin baƙaƙe ta fuskoki kamar gurbin furuci, yanayin furuci, da kuma matsayin maƙwallato.

1. Gurbin Furuci: Wannan shi ne wurin da ake fitar da sauti a bakin mutum. Misalai sun haɗa da:

Baki Biyu: (p, b, m) – Ana fitar da su ta amfani da leɓe biyu.
Leɓe da Haƙori: (f, v) – Ana fitar da su ta amfani da leɓen ƙasa da haƙoran sama.
Harshe da Haƙora: (t, d, s, z, n, l, r) – Ana fitar da su ta amfani da harshe da haƙora.
Gindin Harshe: (k, g) – Ana fitar da su ta amfani da gindin harshe da baki.
Makogwaro: (h, ʔ) – Ana fitar da su a makogwaro.

2. Yanayin Furuci: Wannan shi ne yadda ake fitar da sauti daga bakin mutum. Misalai sun haɗa da:

Burmushi: (b, p, t, d, k, g) – Ana fitar da su ta hanyar rufe hanyar iska sai kuma a buɗe ta da ƙarfi.
Shafa: (s, z, f, v, h) – Ana fitar da su ta hanyar matse iska ta wata ƙaramar hanya.
Hura: (ts, ky, gy, sh) – Ana fitar da su tare da iska mai yawa.
Gefe: (l) – Ana fitar da iska ta gefen harshe.
Hanci: (m, n) – Ana fitar da sauti ta hanci.

3. Matsayin Maƙwallato: Wannan yana nufin ko maƙwallato yana rawa (mai ziza) ko kuma baya rawa (marar ziza) lokacin da ake fitar da sauti.

Mai Ziza: (b, d, g, z, v, m, n, l, r) – Waɗannan sautuka ne da maƙwallato ke rawa yayin furta su.
Marar Ziza: (p, t, k, s, f, h) – Waɗannan sautuka ne da maƙwallato baya rawa yayin furta su.

Furucin Wasula

Wasula sautuka ne da ake fitar da su ba tare da wani shamaki a bakin mutum ba. Ana nazarin furucin wasula ta tsayi, siga, da tagwan wasali.

1. Tsayi: Wasula na iya zama dogaye ko gajere.

Doguwar Wasali: (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu) – Ana furta su da tsayi, misali: maama, reeke, hiira, koofa, kuura.
Gajeruwar Wasali: (a, e, i, o, u) – Ana furta su da gajartaccen lokaci, misali: baba, cewa, ciki, gora, tuka.

2. Siga: Wannan yana nufin matsayin harshe a cikin baki yayin furta wasalin.

Wasula na Gaba: (i, e) – Ana tashe harshe zuwa gaban baki.
Wasula na Tsakiya: (a) – Harshe yana tsakiya.
Wasula na Baya: (u, o) – Ana mayar da harshe zuwa bayan baki.
Wasula Masu Budewa: (a, e, o) – Bakin yana buɗe yayin furta su.
Wasula Masu Rufe: (i, u) – Bakin yana rufe yayin furta su.

3. Tagwan Wasali: Waɗannan wasula ne guda biyu da aka haɗa su wuri guda, ana furta su a matsayin sauti ɗaya.

Misalai: (ai, au, oi, ui) – Misali: gidai, tafau, koira, tui.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya shiga aji, ya gaishe da ɗalibai, sannan ya sake tuna musu darasin da suka yi a baya game da sauti a harshen Hausa.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun amsa gaisuwa, sannan suka tuna darasin da suka yi a baya game da sauti.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai sun shirya don sabon darasi kuma sun tuna abubuwan da suka koya a baya.

Step 2: Gabatar da Furucin Baƙaƙe (Gurbin Furuci)

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya bayyana gurbin furuci (place of articulation) na baƙaƙe daban-daban, ya yi amfani da jadawalin sauti da hotunan gurbin furuci don nunawa tare da ba da misalai.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun saurara da kyau, sun kalli jadawalin, sannan suka maimaita furucin baƙaƙen bisa ga gurbin furucinsu.
Learning Point: An gane inda kowane baƙi yake fitowa daga cikin baki.

Step 3: Yanayin Furuci da Matsayin Maƙwallato

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Practical
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya yi bayani kan yanayin furuci (manner of articulation) da kuma matsayin maƙwallato (voiced/voiceless) tare da ba da misalai, ya kuma nuna yadda za a gane sauti mai ziza da marar ziza.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun biyo bayan koyarwar, sun yi atisayen furucin sauti mai ziza da marar ziza, suna lura da rawar maƙwallato.
Learning Point: An fahimci yadda ake furta baƙaƙe da kuma bambancin sauti mai ziza da marar ziza.

Step 4: Gabatar da Furucin Wasula (Tsayi da Siga)

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Comparison
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya bayyana nau’ukan wasula dangane da tsayi (length) da siga (quality) tare da misalai a kalmomin Hausa, yana nuna bambancin doguwar wasali da gajeruwa.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun saurara, sun yi ƙoƙarin rarrabe doguwar wasali da gajeruwa, sannan suka gane siga daban-daban na wasula.
Learning Point: An fahimci bambancin tsayi da siga a wasula da kuma yadda suke shafar ma’anar kalma.

Step 5: Tagwan Wasali

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elaboration/Examples
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya yi bayani kan tagwan wasali (diphthongs) da yadda ake furta su, yana ba da misalai a kalmomin Hausa irin su “gidai” da “tafau”.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun lura, sun maimaita tagwan wasali da kuma kalmomin da ke ɗauke da su.
Learning Point: An gane tagwan wasali da yadda ake furta su daidai.

Step 6: Atisaye da Gyara

Time: 4 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practice/Correction
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya ba ɗalibai atisaye na furuci, inda zai furta kalmomi daban-daban, kuma ɗalibai su maimaita, sannan ya gyara kurakuran da suka yi a furucin.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun yi atisayen furucin kalmomin da malami ya bayar, sannan suka karɓi gyara daga gare shi.
Learning Point: An inganta furucin ɗalibai kuma an gyara kura-kuran da suka yi.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Menene bambanci tsakanin baƙi mai ziza da marar ziza? Ka ba da misalai biyu kowanne.
Ka ba da misalai uku (3) na gurbin furucin baƙaƙe.
Yaya za a rarrabe doguwar wasali da gajeruwa a harshen Hausa?
Mene ne tagwan wasali? Ka ba da misalai biyu (2) a kalmomin Hausa.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: Malam ya taƙaita darasin da aka koyar, ya kuma ba ɗalibai aikin gida don ƙarfafa fahimtarsu.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai sun saurara, sun rubuta aikin gida da aka ba su.
Learning Point: An kammala darasin kuma an sanar da ɗalibai aikin gida.

Lesson Keywords

Baƙaƙe – Consonants
Wasula – Vowels
Gurbin furuci – Place of articulation
Yanayin furuci – Manner of articulation
Mai ziza – Voiced (sound with vocal cord vibration)
Marar ziza – Voiceless (sound without vocal cord vibration)
Tsayin wasali – Vowel length
Sigan wasali – Vowel quality
Tagwan wasali – Diphthongs

Differentiation

For fast learners: Encourage them to find more examples of each sound type and explain the differences to their classmates. They can also be asked to identify sounds in new words.
For slow learners: Provide additional one-on-one practice focusing on distinguishing between key sounds. Use simpler words for practice and allow more time for repetition.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

This lesson requires significant practical demonstration and pupil participation. Ensure to use the sound chart and pictures effectively. Emphasize actual pronunciation exercises, not just theoretical explanations. Pay close attention to individual pupil pronunciation and provide immediate feedback and correction.