Lesson Note on Lokuta: Ma’ana Da Ire-Iren Lokaci for SS 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS2)
Term: Second Term
Week: 7
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Hausa
Curriculum Theme: Nahawu (Grammar)
Previous Lesson: Karin Magana: Ma’ana, Yadda Ake Da Ire-Ire.
Topic: Lokuta
Subject Matter: Ma’anar lokaci (tsawon lokaci ko yanayin lokaci a harshe), ire-iren lokuta (shuɗaɗɗen lokaci i, shuɗaɗɗen lokaci ii, lokaci sabau, lokaci mai ci i, lokaci mai ci ii)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Bayyana ma’anar lokaci a harshen Hausa.
• Fadakar da ire-iren lokuta guda biyar.

Affective Domain:

• Nuna sha’awar amfani da lokuta daidai a cikin magana da rubutu.
• Gane mahimmancin lokuta wajen fahimtar jimloli.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Rubuta jimloli guda biyu-biyu ga kowane nau’in lokaci.
• Bambanta amfani da kowane lokaci a cikin jimloli daban-daban.

Social Domain:

• Tattauna da abokan karatu game da yadda ake amfani da lokuta a Hausa.
• Haɗa kai wajen yin atisayen lokuta.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
• State Unified Scheme of Work
• Duniyar Adabi da Nahawun Hausa don Manyan Makarantun Sakandare, Littafi na Biyu.
• https://www.hausa.info/hausa-grammar/hausa-tenses/
• https://naija.ng/hausa/1138531-harshen-hausa-nauikan-lokaci-tsawon-lokaci-ko-yanayin-lokaci-a-harshe.html

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Littafin koyarwa
• Jadawalin da ke nuna ire-iren lokuta da misalansu
• Allon rubutu
• Alƙalami
• Takardun aiki

Rationale for the Lesson

Wannan darasi yana taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci yadda za su bayyana ayyuka a lokuta daban-daban a harshen Hausa. Yana basu damar sadarwa a fili da kuma daidai, a rubuce da kuma a baka.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Ana sa ran ɗalibai suna da masaniya game da kalmomin aiki (verbs) da kuma yadda ake tsara jimloli masu sauƙi a harshen Hausa.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Lokuta (Tenses)

Ma’anar Lokaci

Lokaci a harshen Hausa yana nufin yanayin aiki ko faruwar wani abu. Yana nuna ko aikin ya riga ya faru, yana faruwa a yanzu, ko kuma zai faru a nan gaba. Yana taimaka wajen bayyana lokacin da wani abu ya faru ko zai faru.

Ire-iren Lokuta

A harshen Hausa, ana rarraba lokuta zuwa manyan rukuni guda biyar:

• Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci I (Perfective Aspect I)
• Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci II (Perfective Aspect II)
• Lokaci Sabau (Habitual Aspect)
• Lokaci Mai Ci I (Progressive Aspect I)
• Lokaci Mai Ci II (Progressive Aspect II)

1. Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci I (Perfective Aspect I)

Wannan lokacin yana nuna aikin da ya riga ya faru kuma ya ƙare gaba ɗaya. Akan yi amfani da shi don bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a baya.

Misalai:

• Ya ci abinci. (He ate food.)
• Ta tafi kasuwa. (She went to the market.)
• Mun karanta littafi. (We read a book.)

2. Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci II (Perfective Aspect II)

Wannan lokacin yana nuna aikin da ya faru a baya kuma har yanzu akwai wata alaƙa da shi a yanzu, ko kuma sakamakon aikin yana nan. Yana amfani da tsarin ‘ka/ki/ku/mun/sun/ya/ta’ + ‘yi’ + suna + ‘n’ ko makamancin haka.

Misalai:

• Na karanta littafin. (I have read the book.)
• Sun gama aikinsu. (They have finished their work.)
• Ya riga ya zo. (He has already come.)

3. Lokaci Sabau (Habitual Aspect)

Wannan yana nuna aikin da ake yawan yi ko kuma al’ada ce. Yana bayyana gaskiya ko abubuwan da ke faruwa akai-akai. Akan yi amfani da shi tare da ‘kan’ ko ‘ake’.

Misalai:

• Malam kan koyarwa. (The teacher usually teaches.)
• Ina zuwa makaranta kowace rana. (I go to school every day.)
• Su kan cin abinci da safe. (They usually eat in the morning.)

4. Lokaci Mai Ci I (Progressive Aspect I – Present Continuous)

Wannan yana nuna aikin da yake faruwa a halin yanzu. Akan yi amfani da shi tare da ‘na/kina/kuna/muna/suna/yana/tana’ + kalmar aiki.

Misalai:

• Ina rubutu. (I am writing.)
• Suna wasa. (They are playing.)
• Yana tafiya. (He is walking.)

5. Lokaci Mai Ci II (Progressive Aspect II – Future Tense)

Wannan yana nuna aikin da zai faru a nan gaba. Akan yi amfani da shi tare da ‘za a/za ki/za ku/za mu/za su/za ya/za ta’ + kalmar aiki.

Misalai:

• Za mu ci abinci. (We will eat food.)
• Za su tafi gobe. (They will go tomorrow.)
• Za ta zo yanzu. (She will come now.)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai gaishe da ɗalibai sannan ya tambaye su game da darasin da suka yi a baya da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a kusa da su yanzu. Zai kuma tambaye su yadda za su faɗi abin da suka yi jiya ko abin da za su yi gobe.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su amsa gaisuwa sannan su ba da amsoshin tambayoyin malamin.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su tuna da darasin da suka yi a baya kuma su shirya don darasin yau.

Step 2: Gabatar da Ma’anar Lokaci

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani/Fassara
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ma’anar lokaci a harshen Hausa, yana mai nuna cewa yana nufin yanayin aiki ko faruwar wani abu. Zai bayar da misalai masu sauƙi.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara da kyau kuma su rubuta ma’anar lokaci a cikin littattafansu.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su fahimci ainihin ma’anar lokaci.

Step 3: Bayyana Ire-iren Lokuta

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Bayani/Misalai
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai bayyana ire-iren lokuta guda biyar kamar yadda aka jera a kan allo ko jadawali (Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci I, Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci II, Lokaci Sabau, Lokaci Mai Ci I, Lokaci Mai Ci II). Zai yi bayani dalla-dalla a kan kowane ɗaya.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara da kyau, su rubuta ire-iren lokutan, kuma su yi tambayoyi don ƙarin fahimta.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su san nau’ikan lokuta a Hausa.

Step 4: Misalai da Aiki

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Nuni/Aiki
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai ba da misalai ga kowane nau’in lokaci a kan allo, sannan ya roƙi ɗalibai su ba da nasu misalan.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su kwafi misalan da ke kan allo kuma su ba da nasu misalan a baka, suna mai nuna fahimtarsu.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su iya gane da kuma amfani da kowane nau’in lokaci.

Step 5: Aiki na Musamman

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Aiki/Rubutu
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai raba ɗalibai zuwa ƙungiyoyi ko kuma ya ba kowane ɗalibi damar rubuta jimla ɗaya ko biyu ga kowane nau’in lokaci a cikin littattafansu.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su rubuta jimloli, suna amfani da ire-iren lokutan da aka koya.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su yi amfani da iliminsu na lokuta wajen rubutawa.

Step 6: Gyara da Tattaunawa

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Gyara/Tattaunawa
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai duba wasu daga cikin jimlolin da ɗalibai suka rubuta a kan allo ko a baka, sannan ya gyara inda aka samu kuskure kuma ya yi ƙarin bayani.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara ga gyare-gyaren kuma su yi amfani da su wajen gyara nasu aikin.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su gyara kurakuransu kuma su inganta fahimtarsu.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Mene ne ma’anar lokaci a harshen Hausa?
2. Ka lissafo ire-iren lokuta guda biyar da ka koya.
3. Ka ba da misali guda biyu na Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci I.
4. Wane lokaci ake amfani da shi don bayyana aikin da ake yawan yi ko al’ada? Ka ba da misali.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teacher’s Activity: Malam zai taƙaita darasin ta hanyar sake jaddada mahimman abubuwan da aka koya game da lokuta. Sannan zai ba da aikin gida inda ɗalibai za su rubuta jimla ɗaya-ɗaya ga kowane nau’in lokaci.
Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara ga taƙaitawar kuma su rubuta aikin gida.
Learning Point: Ɗalibai za su tuna da mahimman darussa kuma su ci gaba da koyo a gida.

Lesson Keywords

• Lokaci – yanayin aiki ko faruwar wani abu
• Shuɗaɗɗen Lokaci – aikin da ya riga ya faru kuma ya ƙare
• Lokaci Sabau – aikin da ake yawan yi ko al’ada ce
• Lokaci Mai Ci – aikin da yake faruwa a yanzu ko zai faru nan gaba
• Nahawu – tsarin harshe

Differentiation

Ga ɗalibai masu saurin fahimta, za a ba su ƙarin aiki na rubuta gajerun labarai ko sakin layi guda biyu ta amfani da nau’ikan lokuta daban-daban. Ga ɗalibai masu jinkirin fahimta, za a ba su ƙarin misalai da kuma aiki mai sauƙi na cike gibba a cikin jimloli don taimaka musu su gane amfani da lokutan.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Malam ya tabbatar ya yi amfani da misalai masu sauƙi da kuma waɗanda ɗalibai suka saba da su don sauƙaƙa fahimta. Ya kuma yi amfani da jadawali ko allo don nuna bambanci tsakanin kowane nau’in lokaci a fili. Ya ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi magana da Hausa a cikin aji.