Class: Primary 6
Term: Third Term
Subject: Basic Science & Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Technology
previous Lesson: Classes and examples of Simple Machines
Topic: Classification of Lever
Content/Learning Area: First Class Levers and Related Materials
Time Allocation: 40 Minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain: Define a first-class lever.
Affective Domain: Show interest in learning about simple machines.
Psychomotor Domain: Identify examples of first-class levers.
Social Domain: Participate actively in class discussions.

Reference Materials

9 years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Science and Technology Textbook for Primary 6
Evans Basic Science and Technology for Primary Schools, Book 6

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials: real-life examples of first-class levers (scissors, pliers, see-saw), charts illustrating different classes of levers, and textbooks.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding levers helps pupils appreciate simple machines’ role in making work easier and fosters interest in technology.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of simple machines and their uses.

Lesson Content

First Class Levers

A first-class lever is a type of lever where the fulcrum is located between the load and the effort.

Characteristics of First Class Levers

In first-class levers, the fulcrum is positioned between the effort and the load. This arrangement allows for a change in the direction of the force applied.

Examples of First Class Levers

Here are some examples of first-class levers:

Scissors – The fulcrum is the pivot point where the two blades are joined, the effort is applied by the hand, and the load is the material being cut.
Pliers – The fulcrum is the joint, the effort is applied by the hand, and the load is the object being gripped or cut.
See-saw – The fulcrum is the central pivot point,the effort is the weight of the person on one end,and the load is the weight of the person on the othre end.
Crowbar – The fulcrum is the point where the crowbar rests, the effort is applied by the hand, and the load is the object being lifted or moved.
Hammer (when removing a nail) – The fulcrum is the head of the hammer, the effort is applied by the hand, and the load is the nail being removed.
Weighing Balance – The fulcrum is the central pivot, the effort is the weight placed on one side, and the load is the object being weighed on the other side.
Oars in a Rowboat – the fulcrum is the point where the oar is secured to the boat, the effort is applied by the rower, and the load is the water being pushed.
A pair of Tongs – The fulcrum is the joint, the effort is applied by the hand, and the load is the object being gripped.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Explanation, Presentation, Visual Aids, Question and Answer.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher revises the previous lesson on simple machines and introduces the concept of levers, asking pupils what they know about levers.
Pupils’ activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and share their prior knowledge about levers.

Step 2: Defining First Class Levers

Time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what a first-class lever is, emphasizing the position of the fulcrum between the load and the effort.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions for clarification.

Step 3: Demonstrating Examples

time: 10 Minutes
teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates examples of first-class levers using real objects like scissors and pliers, explaining how they work.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and identify the fulcrum, load, and effort in each example.

Step 4: Class Discussion

Time: 5 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a class discussion, asking pupils to provide other examples of first-class levers they know.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in the discussion,sharing examples and explaining their reasoning.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes a summary of the lesson on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes into their notebooks.

Step 6: Evaluation/review

Time: 3 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions to demonstrate their understanding.

Objective-aligned checks:

Define a first-class lever.
Identify examples of first-class levers.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Closure
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the main points of the lesson and assigns homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and note the homework assignment.

Lesson Keywords

Lever – A simple machine that multiplies force.
Fulcrum – The pivot point of a lever.
Load – The object being moved or lifted by a lever.
Effort – The force applied to a lever.
First Class Lever – A lever with the fulcrum between the load and effort.

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Define a first-class lever.
Give three examples of first-class levers.
Explain the position of the fulcrum in a first-class lever.

Assignment/Homework

Draw and label three examples of first-class levers.
Explain how a see-saw works as a first-class lever.

Differentiation

For slower learners: Provide simplified diagrams and one-on-one assistance during demonstrations.
For advanced learners: Challenge them to research and present on other types of levers and their applications.
For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, verbal explanations, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure to use real-life examples to make the lesson more engaging and relatable for the pupils. Encourage active participation and provide constructive feedback.