Class: Primary 6
Term: Third Term
Subject: Basic Science & Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
previous Lesson: Air, Floatation and suction
Topic: Air
Content/Learning Area: Why Things Move in the Air
Time allocation: 40 Minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson,pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain: Explain how air pressure facilitates movement of objects like airplanes,balloons,and birds.
Affective Domain: Show interest in understanding the principles of air pressure and its applications.
psychomotor Domain: Construct and operate air-powered models such as balloons and paper boats.
Social Domain: Participate actively in group discussions and collaborative model-building activities.

Reference Materials

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Spectrum Basic Science and technology Book 6
Evans Basic Science and Technology Book 6

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials: balloons, paper, straws, tape, and examples or pictures of airplanes and birds.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding how air facilitates movement is crucial for pupils to appreciate the principles of flight and aerodynamics in everyday life.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of air and its presence around them.

Lesson Content

Air

How Air Pressure Moves Airplanes, Balloons, and Birds

Air pressure is the force exerted by air on a surface. Differences in air pressure can create movement. Airplanes use engines and wings to manipulate air pressure,creating lift.Balloons rise because the air inside is less dense than the air outside. Birds flap their wings to create differences in air pressure, allowing them to fly.

Examples of Air-Powered Movement

Airplanes – Use engines and wing shapes to create lift through air pressure differences.
Balloons – Rise when the air inside is heated, becoming less dense than the surrounding air.
Birds – Flap their wings to generate lift and thrust by manipulating air pressure.
Kites – Soar when wind pushes against them, creating lift.
Sailboats – Move using sails that catch the wind, converting air pressure into forward motion.
Wind Turbines – generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy.
Parachutes – Slow descent by increasing air resistance.
Paper Airplanes – Glide through the air due to their shape and the way air flows around them.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following methods: Discussion, Exhibition, Experimentation, Explanation, Visual Aids, Group Work.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s activity: Engages pupils by asking about their experiences with things that fly or move in the air, like airplanes or kites.
Pupils’ Activity: Share their experiences and observations related to flying objects.

Step 2: Explanation of Air Pressure

Time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Explains the concept of air pressure and how it affects the movement of objects in the air, using examples of airplanes, balloons, and birds.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and ask questions to clarify their understanding of air pressure.

Step 3: Demonstration of Air-Powered Balloon

Time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
teacher’s Activity: Demonstrates how to make and operate an air-powered balloon, explaining the principles behind its movement.
pupils’ Activity: Observe the demonstration and participate in the construction of the air-powered balloon.

Step 4: Construction of Paper Boat

Time: 10 Minutes
teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: Guides pupils in constructing a paper boat and explains how air (blowing) can make it move.
Pupils’ Activity: Construct paper boats and experiment with blowing air to make them move.

Step 5: note-Taking

time: 3 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: Guides pupils to summarize the key points of the lesson in their notebooks.
Pupils’ Activity: Wriet down the key points about air pressure and its role in movement.

step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 2 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: Asks questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.Pupils’ Activity: Answer the questions to demonstrate their understanding.

Objective-aligned checks:

Explain how air pressure facilitates movement of objects like airplanes,balloons,and birds.
Construct and operate air-powered models such as balloons and paper boats.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Closure
Teacher’s Activity: Summarizes the lesson and highlights the importance of understanding air pressure in everyday life.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen to the summary and reflect on what they have learned.

Lesson Keywords

Air Pressure – the force exerted by air on a surface.
Lift – The upward force that opposes the weight of an object.
Thrust – The force that propels an object forward.
Aerodynamics – The study of how air moves around objects.
Density – the degree of compactness of a substance.

Lesson Evaluation

to evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Explain how an airplane flies using the concept of air pressure.
Describe how a balloon rises in the air.
Explain how birds use air pressure to fly.
Demonstrate how to make a paper boat move using air.

Assignment/Homework

Research and write a short paragraph on how different types of aircraft use air pressure to fly.
Design and build a simple air-powered toy.

Differentiation

For slower learners: Provide simplified explanations and hands-on assistance during the construction activities.
For advanced learners: Encourage them to research and present on more complex applications of air pressure, such as in jet engines.
For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, verbal explanations, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure that pupils have adequate materials for the construction activities.Emphasize safety during the experiments and encourage active participation from all pupils.