Primary 6 Third Term Basic Science Examination

Examination on Basic Science
Class: Primary 6
Term: Third Term
Time: 1 Hour
Total Marks: 70

Time: 1 hour
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions.

1. ________ is the force exerted by air on all surfaces. (a) Air current (b) Air pressure (c) Air flow (d) Air density
2. When the air pressure is higher in one area than another, air tends to move from the area of ________ pressure to the area of ________ pressure. (a) equal, unequal (b) low, high (c) high, low (d) unequal, equal
3. Which of these is a direct application of air pressure? (a) Cooking food (b) Pumping a bicycle tyre (c) Writing with a pen (d) Sewing clothes
4. A ________ is a naturally occurring substance that is not a living thing. (a) Soil (b) Plant (c) Animal (d) Mineral
5. Which of the following is a solid mineral found in Nigeria? (a) Coal (b) Natural gas (c) Kerosene (d) Crude oil
6. The importance of mineral resources in ________ is significant for the development of a nation. (a) Entertainment (b) Education (c) Agriculture (d) Industry
7. ________ is the process of extracting minerals from the earth. (a) Trading (b) Mining (c) Manufacturing (d) Farming
8. Which physical characteristic helps to identify minerals? (a) Taste (b) Sound (c) Colour and hardness (d) Smell
9. When air is heated, it expands and becomes ________ dense. (a) more (b) equally (c) inconsistently (d) less
10. The movement of air due to differences in pressure is called ________. (a) Wind (b) Cloud (c) Rain (d) Fog
11. Which of these is an example of a liquid mineral? (a) Granite (b) Limestone (c) Crude oil (d) Iron ore
12. Air pressure plays a role in the generation of ________. (a) Light energy (b) Electrical energy (c) Sound energy (d) Heat energy
13. ________ is a disadvantage of mineral exploitation that can harm aquatic life. (a) Landslide (b) Flooding (c) Earthquake (d) Pollution
14. Which of these minerals is used in the construction industry? (a) Limestone (b) Emerald (c) Gold (d) Diamond
15. The process of ________ helps in navigation by using air pressure. (a) Sailing (b) Walking (c) Driving (d) Flying
16. An example of a disadvantage of mineral exploitation is ________. (a) Improved infrastructure (b) Landslides (c) Economic growth (d) Job creation
17. Flotation devices often rely on the principles of ________. (a) Friction (b) Gravity (c) Buoyancy (d) Magnetism
18. Which of these is a reason why mineral resources are important? (a) They are used in manufacturing goods (b) They reduce job opportunities (c) They destroy the environment (d) They cause diseases
19. ________ is a disadvantage of mineral exploitation where water covers large areas of land. (a) Landslide (b) Earthquake (c) Pollution (d) Flooding
20. The ability of air to exert force is known as ________. (a) Air density (b) Air pressure (c) Air volume (d) Air temperature
21. What is the main use of coal in Nigeria? (a) For electricity generation (b) For cooking (c) For transport (d) For building
22. Which of these is NOT a physical characteristic of minerals? (a) Hardness (b) Colour (c) Weight (d) Texture
23. ________ is a type of mineral resource. (a) Crude oil (b) Air (c) Sunlight (d) Water
24. Which of the following is a disadvantage of mineral exploitation? (a) Job creation (b) Environmental degradation (c) Increased revenue (d) Technological advancement
25. The importance of mineral resources in ________ is evident in the production of vehicles and machinery. (a) Industry (b) Agriculture (c) Communication (d) Education
26. Suction cups work due to ________. (a) Absence of air (b) High air pressure inside the cup (c) Equal air pressure inside and outside (d) Low air pressure inside the cup
27. Which of these is a solid mineral resource found in Nigeria? (a) Crude oil (b) Natural gas (c) Tin ore (d) Kerosene
28. The ________ of minerals refers to their tangible qualities like colour and hardness. (a) Physical characteristics (b) Exploitation (c) Uses (d) Importance
29. ________ are natural resources that are found beneath the earth’s surface. (a) Rivers (b) Minerals (c) Forests (d) Animals
30. Which of these is a consequence of excessive mineral exploitation? (a) Reduced flooding (b) Increased biodiversity (c) Improved air quality (d) Earthquakes
31. The movement of things like kites and windmills is caused by ________. (a) Soil erosion (b) Sunlight (c) Air pressure (d) Water current
32. Which of these is a liquid mineral exploited in Nigeria? (a) Limestone (b) Iron ore (c) Coal (d) Crude oil
33. The ________ of mineral resources contributes to a nation’s economy. (a) Conservation (b) Exploitation (c) Scarcity (d) Waste
34. Air pressure is essential for ________ devices that lift objects. (a) Suction (b) Lighting (c) Cooling (d) Heating
35. Which of the following is a disadvantage of mineral exploitation? (a) Job creation (b) Economic growth (c) Landslides (d) Improved transportation
36. ________ is the process by which minerals are removed from the earth. (a) Cultivation (b) Construction (c) Irrigation (d) Extraction
37. Minerals can be grouped into ________ and ________. (a) Natural, artificial (b) Renewable, non-renewable (c) Solid, liquid (d) Organic, inorganic
38. The use of wind turbines to generate electricity is an application of ________. (a) Soil pressure (b) Air pressure (c) Steam pressure (d) Water pressure
39. Which of these is a type of mineral resource? (a) Sunlight (b) Water (c) Gold (d) Wood
40. Which of these is a benefit of responsible mineral exploitation? (a) Sustainable development (b) Soil degradation (c) Increased pollution (d) Habitat destruction

SECTION B: THEORY (30 marks)
Instruction: Answer Three (3) questions only.

1. (a) Define air pressure. (2 marks)
(b) State two reasons why things move in air. (4 marks)
(c) Explain how air pressure is used in electricity generation. (4 marks)

2. (a) What are minerals? (2 marks)
(b) List two types of mineral resources found in Nigeria, specifying if they are solid or liquid. (4 marks)
(c) Describe two disadvantages of mineral exploitation. (4 marks)

3. (a) Mention two physical characteristics used to identify minerals. (2 marks)
(b) Explain the importance of mineral resources in industry. (4 marks)
(c) How does air pressure help in flotation? (4 marks)

4. (a) Explain the importance of mineral resources to the economy of a country. (4 marks)
(b) Describe two disadvantages of mineral exploitation. (2 marks)
(c) Differentiate between solid and liquid mineral resources with an example for each. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (b) Air pressure
Question 2 – ✅ (c) high, low
Question 3 – ✅ (b) Pumping a bicycle tyre
Question 4 – ✅ (d) Mineral
Question 5 – ✅ (a) Coal
Question 6 – ✅ (d) Industry
Question 7 – ✅ (b) Mining
Question 8 – ✅ (c) Colour and hardness
Question 9 – ✅ (d) less
Question 10 – ✅ (a) Wind
Question 11 – ✅ (c) Crude oil
Question 12 – ✅ (b) Electrical energy
Question 13 – ✅ (d) Pollution
Question 14 – ✅ (a) Limestone
Question 15 – ✅ (d) Flying
Question 16 – ✅ (b) Landslides
Question 17 – ✅ (c) Buoyancy
Question 18 – ✅ (a) They are used in manufacturing goods
Question 19 – ✅ (d) Flooding
Question 20 – ✅ (b) Air pressure
Question 21 – ✅ (a) For electricity generation
Question 22 – ✅ (c) Weight
Question 23 – ✅ (a) Crude oil
Question 24 – ✅ (b) Environmental degradation
Question 25 – ✅ (a) Industry
Question 26 – ✅ (d) Low air pressure inside the cup
Question 27 – ✅ (c) Tin ore
Question 28 – ✅ (a) Physical characteristics
Question 29 – ✅ (b) Minerals
Question 30 – ✅ (d) Earthquakes
Question 31 – ✅ (c) Air pressure
Question 32 – ✅ (d) Crude oil
Question 33 – ✅ (b) Exploitation
Question 34 – ✅ (a) Suction
Question 35 – ✅ (c) Landslides
Question 36 – ✅ (d) Extraction
Question 37 – ✅ (c) Solid, liquid
Question 38 – ✅ (b) Air pressure
Question 39 – ✅ (c) Gold
Question 40 – ✅ (a) Sustainable development

Theory Marking Scheme
1. (a) Air pressure is the force exerted by air on all surfaces. (2 marks)
(b) Two reasons why things move in air are:
– Differences in air pressure (wind) causes movement.
– Objects with surfaces designed to catch the wind (e.g., sails, wings) move when air flows over them. (4 marks)
(c) Air pressure is used in electricity generation through wind turbines. When wind (moving air due to pressure differences) blows, it turns the blades of the turbine, which are connected to a generator that produces electricity. (4 marks)
2. (a) Minerals are naturally occurring substances that are not living things, and they have a definite chemical composition and structure. (2 marks)
(b) Two types of mineral resources found in Nigeria are:
– Coal (Solid)
– Crude oil (Liquid)
(Accept any other valid Nigerian mineral resource from the content like Natural Gas, Tin Ore, Limestone, Iron Ore, Granite, etc., correctly identified as solid or liquid). (4 marks)
(c) Two disadvantages of mineral exploitation are:
– Pollution: This can contaminate air, water, and soil.
– Flooding: Large-scale mining operations can alter drainage patterns, leading to increased flooding.
– Landslide: Excavation can destabilize slopes, causing landslides.
– Earthquake: Mining activities can sometimes trigger seismic activities.
(Any two explained correctly). (4 marks)
3. (a) Two physical characteristics used to identify minerals are:
– Colour
– Hardness
(Accept Texture, Luster, etc., if applicable from broader understanding, but stick to content if possible. Content explicitly mentions colour and hardness). (2 marks)
(b) Mineral resources are important in industry because they are raw materials used to manufacture various goods such as metals for vehicles and machinery, materials for construction, and components for electronics. (4 marks)
(c) Air pressure helps in flotation because objects float when the buoyant force (which is related to the pressure of the fluid they are in) is greater than their weight. In some flotation devices, air is used to create buoyancy, allowing objects to be supported on the surface of the water. (4 marks)

4. (a) Mineral resources are vital for a country’s economy as they provide raw materials for industries, create employment opportunities, generate revenue through export, and contribute to national development.
(b) Any two of the following: Pollution (air, water, soil), Flooding (due to altered drainage patterns), Landslide (due to instability of slopes), Earthquake (due to disturbances in the Earth’s crust).
(c) Solid mineral resources are minerals that are in a solid state at room temperature, e.g., Coal. Liquid mineral resources are minerals that are in a liquid state at room temperature, e.g., Crude oil.