Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS2, JSS 2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7-8
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Human Development: Infancy, Adolescence, and Adulthood
Topic: Human Development (Part 2)
Subject Matter: Classification of growth Changes and developmental changes as temporary/permanent, Factors that affect growth and development

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Distinguish between temporary and permanent developmental changes.
(b) State and explain factors that affect human growth and development.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show appreciation for healthy habits that support proper growth and development.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Identify and classify given examples of developmental changes as temporary or permanent.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to discuss how growth factors influence individuals differently.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
World Health Organization – “Adolescent Health and Development” (https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing stages of human development
Pictures of children, adolescents, and adults
Flash cards with examples of developmental changes
Whiteboard and markers
Short video clip showing growth and puberty changes

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson enables learners to understand how growth and development occur, their classifications, and the different factors that influence them, thus guiding healthy living.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with the meaning of growth and development, having studied the concept and stages of human development in earlier lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Human Development

Classification of Growth Changes

Growth and developmental changes in humans can either be temporary or permanent. Temporary changes last for a while and may fade with time, while permanent changes remain for life.

The following are temporary changes:

Growth of pimples during adolescence.
Enlargement of breasts in girls at puberty.
Deepening of voice in boys during puberty.
Development of hair in armpit and pubic region.

The following are permanent changes:

Increase in height.
Broadening of shoulders in boys.
Development of hips in girls.
Growth of beard and moustache in men.
Maturity of reproductive organs.

Factors that Affect Growth and Development

Growth and development in humans are influenced by several internal and external factors. These factors determine how well and how fast individuals grow.

The following are factors that affect growth and development:

Heredity: Traits and characteristics inherited from parents such as height, body size, and complexion.
Nutrition: Good and balanced diet enhances proper growth, while poor nutrition hinders development.
Environment: A clean and healthy environment supports proper growth, while a polluted one slows development.
Hormones: Body hormones regulate changes such as puberty, body size, and general growth.
Exercise: Regular physical activities strengthen bones, muscles, and overall body development.
Diseases: Frequent sickness can weaken the body and delay growth.
Emotional Factors: Stress, fear, or lack of love can negatively affect growth and development.
Socio-economic Status: Children from wealthy families may have access to better food, healthcare, and education which supports development.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Question and Answer, Demonstration, Group Work, Use of Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher recalls the previous lesson on human development and asks pupils to mention changes they noticed in themselves as they grow.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by sharing examples of changes in their bodies.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the topic of classification of growth changes and factors affecting growth.

Step 2: Classification of Growth and Developmental Changes

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains and lists examples of temporary and permanent developmental changes using charts and pictures.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and identify examples as temporary or permanent.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the difference between temporary and permanent changes.

Step 3: Factors that Affect Growth and Development

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains factors affecting growth such as heredity, nutrition, hormones, and others with relevant examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute to discussion by giving practical examples from their daily lives.
Learning Point: Pupils understand various factors influencing growth and development.

Step 4: Group Activity

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher groups pupils and gives flashcards with different growth factors or changes to classify and explain.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils classify examples as temporary/permanent and identify factors affecting growth.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate ability to classify growth changes and link factors to development.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write notes into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils keep a record of the lesson content.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mention two temporary developmental changes.
State two permanent developmental changes.
List three factors that affect growth and development.
Explain how nutrition affects human growth.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of lesson objectives.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the key points, reinforces correct answers, and encourages pupils to maintain habits that support healthy growth.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of growth and development factors.

Lesson Keywords

Growth – increase in size, height, and weight of the body
Development – changes in skills, abilities, and functions of the body
Temporary changes – changes that do not last permanently during growth
Permanent changes – changes that remain throughout life
Heredity – traits passed from parents to children through genes

Differentiation

Slower learners are supported with simpler examples, while advanced learners are given more complex classifications to attempt. Group activities encourage peer support.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils actively participate in group discussions. Correct wrong ideas gently and emphasize healthy lifestyle choices that promote proper growth and development.