Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS2, JSS 2)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 2
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Mathematics
Previous Lesson: Expansion of Algebraic Expressions of the
Topic: Factorization Of Algebraic Expression
Subject Matter: Factorization of the form ax+ay = a(x+y), Factorization of the form abc+abd = ab(c+d)

###Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify common factors in algebraic expressions.
(b) Factorize algebraic expressions by taking out the highest common factor.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the usefulness of factorization in simplifying algebraic expressions.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Solve classwork exercises involving factorization using correct procedures.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in pairs or groups to factorize given expressions.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary Schools
Wikipedia – Factorization
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Algebra tiles
Factorization charts
Flash cards
Whiteboard and markers
Printed examples of algebraic expressions

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils develop the skill of simplifying algebraic expressions by removing common factors, which is essential for solving equations and higher algebra.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can already identify coefficients, variables, and common numerical factors from earlier algebra lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Lesson Content

Factorization of Algebraic Expressions

Factorization of the Form ax + ay = a(x + y)

Factorization is the process of rewriting an expression as a product of its factors. When two or more terms share a common factor, it can be taken outside the bracket.

The following are examples of factorization using common factors:

6x + 9x = 3x(2 + 3)
4a + 8b = 4(a + 2b)
10m + 5n = 5(2m + n)
7p + 14q = 7(p + 2q)

Factorization of the Form abc + abd = ab(c + d)

When the terms have both numerical and literal common factors, factorization involves taking out all common factors shared by the terms.

Examples include:

2ab + 4ac = 2a(b + c)
3xyz + 6xy = 3xy(z + 2)
5mnk + 10mnp = 5mn(k + 2p)
8rst + 4rs = 4rs(2t + 1)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Group Work

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes a simple numerical expression such as 12 + 18 on the board and asks pupils to find the common factor. Teacher links this to factorization in algebra.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond with factors and recall previous knowledge.
Learning Point: Pupils connect numerical factorization with algebraic factorization.

Step 2: Identifying Common Factors in Expressions

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher defines common factors and demonstrates factorization of ax + ay using examples from the board summary.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and identify common factors in given expressions.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to find common factors.

Step 3: Factorization with Literal and Numerical Factors

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher presents expressions such as abc + abd and shows how to take out both numerical and literal common factors.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate by suggesting common factors.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to factorize expressions involving several variables.

Step 4: Guided Practice on Factorization

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher gives more expressions and guides pupils to factorize them step-by-step.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils solve assigned expressions in pairs or individually.
Learning Point: Pupils apply knowledge in solving factorization problems.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes the board summary and instructs pupils to copy it.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write the notes neatly.
Learning Point: Pupils have an accurate written record.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Factorize 9x + 6y.
Factorize 12ab + 4ac.
Identify the common factor in 15mn + 20m.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the steps in factorization and encourages pupils to practice more examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask clarifying questions.
Learning Point: Pupils internalize the concept of factorization.

Lesson Keywords

Factorization – breaking an expression into factors
Common Factor – a number or letter shared by terms
Coefficient – the number multiplying a variable
Variable – a symbol representing an unknown value
Expression – a mathematical phrase without an equal sign

Differentiation

Provide simpler expressions for slower learners, while advanced learners handle expressions with more variables. Use peer support during group activities.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils master identifying common factors before complex factorization. Use many varied examples to build confidence.