Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 10
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Meaning, Examples, Uses and Misuse of Renewable and Non–Renewable Energy
Topic: Energy And Society
Subject Matter: Energy for working and operating appliances, Energy from hydro–electric plants for electricity supply, Solar energy generates: heat energy for drying and light energy for photosynthesis.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify the various ways energy is used in society.
(b) Explain how hydro–electric and solar energy contribute to modern living.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of using renewable energy sources in the community.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Illustrate simple diagrams of hydro–electric and solar energy systems.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to discuss how energy supports daily life and development.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
National Geographic – “Renewable Energy Explained” (https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/renewable-energy/)
Britannica – “Solar Energy” (https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-energy)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing types and sources of energy
Model or diagram of a hydro–electric dam
Picture or model of solar panels
Electric bulb, fan, or small motor as examples of appliances
Video clips or posters showing electricity generation and solar use

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how energy is used in everyday life and how society depends on sources like hydro–electric and solar energy for development.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have previously learned about the meaning and forms of energy and can identify simple sources such as the sun, wind, and water.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Energy and Society

Energy is the ability to do work. It is used in homes, schools, industries, and transportation. Every activity in society requires energy in one form or another.

Energy for Working and Operating Appliances

Energy enables machines and tools to perform tasks efficiently. It powers both domestic and industrial appliances used in daily life.

The following are examples of how energy is used for work and operating appliances:

Electrical energy powers appliances like fans, televisions, and refrigerators.
Mechanical energy helps to move vehicles, machines, and bicycles.
Thermal energy (heat) is used for cooking and ironing.
Chemical energy in batteries powers radios and flashlights.
Energy is also used in factories to produce goods and in schools to operate electrical devices.

Energy from Hydro–Electric Plants for Electricity Supply

Hydro–electric energy is generated from moving water. Dams are built to store large amounts of water that drive turbines connected to electric generators. This process produces electricity for homes and industries.

The following are the importance of hydro–electric energy:

It provides a clean and renewable source of electricity.
It reduces air pollution caused by burning fuels.
It supports industrial growth and development.
It makes electricity available for lighting, cooking, and operating machines.
It promotes economic and social development in the community.

Solar Energy for Heat and Photosynthesis

Solar energy comes from the sun. It is a renewable and natural source of energy that provides both heat and light to the Earth.

The following are the uses of solar energy:

It provides heat energy for drying clothes, grains, and fish.
It supplies light energy for photosynthesis in plants.
It can be converted into electricity using solar panels.
It is used to heat water and power streetlights.
It is cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Lecture, Discussion, Explanation, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Group Work, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks pupils how they are able to use fans, TVs, and light bulbs at home and connects responses to the concept of energy and its uses.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by mentioning how appliances work with electricity or fuel.
Learning Point: Pupils recall that energy is required for all forms of work and activities.

Step 2: Energy for Working and Operating Appliances

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains and lists various ways energy is used in operating tools and machines with examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, listen, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how energy powers appliances and enables work.

Step 3: Hydro–Electric Energy

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher shows a chart or diagram of a hydro–electric dam, explains how water drives turbines to generate electricity, and discusses its advantages.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the diagram and discuss how water movement generates energy.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how hydro–electric power produces electricity for use in society.

Step 4: Solar Energy for Heat and Photosynthesis

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains how solar energy provides heat and light, shows pictures or models of solar panels, and mentions how plants use sunlight in photosynthesis.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate by identifying ways solar energy is used around them.
Learning Point: Pupils learn that the sun provides heat and light used in homes and by plants.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes the board summary for pupils to copy into their notebooks.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes correctly.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written summary of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mention three uses of energy in operating appliances.
Explain how hydro–electric energy is generated.
List two uses of solar energy.
What are the benefits of using renewable energy sources?
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally and in groups.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of how energy supports society.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to observe how energy is used around them daily.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the role of energy in daily life and development.

Home Task: Record two correct examples of Energy And Society from the lesson or home environment and explain each in your own words.

Lesson Keywords

Energy – ability to do work
Hydro–electric – electricity generated from moving water
Solar Energy – energy from the sun
Turbine – machine that converts moving water or wind into energy
Photosynthesis – process by which plants make food using sunlight

Differentiation

Teacher supports slower learners with visual examples and guided explanation while encouraging advanced learners to discuss renewable energy applications in modern society.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils understand the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy. Use charts and real-life examples to make explanations clearer. Emphasize safety around electrical appliances.