Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 4
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science And Technology
Previous Lesson: Consequences Of Teenage Pregnancy, Physical, Social And Emotional Implication, Drug Abuse Effects.
Topic: Force
Subject Matter: Meaning And Types Of Force; Contact And Non-Contact Forces; Magnetic Force And Gravitational Force.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is force?
Mention the two main types of force.
Distinguish between contact and non-contact forces, giving one example for each.
Explain what magnetic force is.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Homework
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher briefly summarizes the key points of the lesson on force and assigns homework: “List five activities in your daily life where you experience contact forces and five where you experience non-contact forces.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and apply it to real-world scenarios.

Home Task: Record two correct examples of Force from the lesson or home environment and explain each in your own words.

Lesson Keywords

Force – A push or a pull that can change an object’s motion or shape.
Contact Force – A force that requires direct physical contact between objects.
Non-Contact Force – A force that acts on an object without direct physical contact.
Magnetic Force – The force of attraction or repulsion between magnets or magnetic materials.
Gravitational Force – The force of attraction between any two objects with mass.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, they will be encouraged to research other types of non-contact forces like electrostatic force. For pupils needing additional support, the teacher will provide simplified examples and one-on-one guidance during activity time.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that the charts and video clips are clear and relevant to the Nigerian context. Encourage pupils to relate the concepts of force to their everyday experiences. Practical demonstrations are important for understanding.

Cognitive Domain:

Define force in simple terms.
Identify and explain the two main types of force.
Differentiate between contact and non-contact forces with examples.
Describe magnetic force and gravitational force.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the presence of forces in everyday activities.
Show interest in learning about how different forces affect objects.

Psychomotor Domain:

Draw simple illustrations of contact and non-contact forces.
Demonstrate the effect of magnetic force using simple materials.

Collaborate with peers to identify examples of forces in their environment.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Basic Science.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Basic Science JSS 1.
Basic Science for Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 by P.A. Okoro et al.
BBC Bitesize – What are forces?

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts illustrating different types of forces.
Video clips showing examples of forces in action (e.g., pushing, pulling, magnetic attraction).
A magnet and small metallic objects (e.g., paper clips, nails).

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding force helps pupils explain why objects move, stop, or change direction in their daily lives. This knowledge enables them to better understand the physical world around them and how various interactions occur.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have basic knowledge of movement, pushing, and pulling objects from their primary school science lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Force

Meaning of Force

Force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. It can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, change direction, or change shape.

Types of Force

Forces can be broadly classified into two main types based on whether they require direct physical contact between objects or not.

The two main types of force are:

Contact Forces
Non-Contact Forces

Contact Forces

Contact forces are forces that act on an object only when there is direct physical contact between the interacting objects.

Examples of contact forces include:

Friction: A force that opposes motion when two surfaces slide against each other.
Tension: A pulling force transmitted axially by a string, cable, chain, or similar one-dimensional continuous object.
Applied Force: A force that is directly applied to an object by another object or person.
Air Resistance: A type of frictional force that opposes the motion of an object through the air.

Non-Contact Forces

Non-contact forces are forces that act on an object without direct physical contact between the interacting objects. They act from a distance.

Examples of non-contact forces include:

Magnetic Force: The force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic poles.
Gravitational Force: The force of attraction between any two objects with mass.
Electrostatic Force: The force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects.

Magnetic Force

Magnetic force is the force exerted by magnets on other magnetic materials or on other magnets. It can attract or repel objects without touching them. For example, a magnet can pull a paper clip towards it from a short distance.

Gravitational Force

Gravitational force is the natural force of attraction between any two objects that have mass. The Earth’s gravity pulls all objects towards its center. This is why objects fall downwards when dropped. The weight of an object is a measure of the gravitational force acting on it.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to perform simple actions like pushing a table or pulling a chair. The teacher then asks, “What do you think you are doing to the table or chair?” leading to the concept of force.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils greet the teacher, perform the actions, and respond by saying they are pushing or pulling.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior experiences with pushing and pulling, linking them to the topic of force.

Step 2: Meaning of Force

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of force as a push or pull using simple language and examples from the charts and video clips. The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, observe the charts and video clips, and copy the definition of force into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the basic definition of force and its actions.

Step 3: Types of Force

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Classification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the two main categories of force: contact forces and non-contact forces. The teacher explains that these categories depend on whether objects touch each other to exert force.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and identify the two main types of force.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the broad classification of forces.

Step 4: Contact Forces

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Examples
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains contact forces, providing examples like friction, tension, and applied force. The teacher uses the charts to show illustrations of these forces and asks pupils for more examples from their daily lives.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the charts, and contribute examples of contact forces they encounter daily.
Learning Point: Pupils understand contact forces and can provide relevant examples.

Step 5: Non-Contact Forces

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains non-contact forces, stating that they act without physical contact. The teacher mentions magnetic, gravitational, and electrostatic forces as examples, focusing on the first two for this lesson. The teacher demonstrates magnetic force using a magnet and paper clips.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the demonstration, and understand the concept of forces acting from a distance.
Learning Point: Pupils grasp the idea of non-contact forces and see a practical example.

Step 6: Magnetic Force and Gravitational Force

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elaboration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher elaborates on magnetic force and gravitational force, explaining how they work and giving more examples. The teacher reminds pupils that gravity is why things fall to the ground.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification on magnetic and gravitational forces.
Learning Point: Pupils deepen their understanding of specific non-contact forces.