Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 3
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Pre Vocational Studies
Curriculum Theme: Home Economics
Previous Lesson: Career Opportunities, Career Requirements, and Importance of Home Economics
Topic: The Human Body (Part 1)
Subject Matter: Structure and Parts of the Hair and Eyes, Functions of the Hair and Eyes, Care and Grooming of the Hair and Eyes

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify the main parts of the hair and eyes.
(b) State the functions of the hair and eyes.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show concern for proper grooming and care of the hair and eyes.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate simple ways of caring for the hair and eyes.
Social Domain:
(a) Work in groups to discuss and share personal hygiene practices relating to the hair and eyes.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
National Center for Biotechnology Information – “Human Hair: Structure, Function and Care” (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387693/)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing structure of the human hair and eye
A wig or sample human hair
Model or diagram of the human eye
Comb, shampoo, soap, and clean towel
Mirror for grooming demonstration

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps students understand the structure, functions, and care of the hair and eyes, promoting good personal hygiene, grooming, and healthy living practices.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of body parts and have experienced grooming activities like combing hair and washing their face daily.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

The Human Body

Structure and Parts of the Hair

The hair is a filament that grows from the skin. It has visible and invisible parts. The visible part is what we see outside, while the invisible part is beneath the skin.

The following are the parts of the hair:

Hair shaft – the part above the skin.
Hair root – the part inside the skin.
Hair follicle – the tiny pocket in the skin where the hair grows.
Sebaceous gland – produces oil to keep the hair shiny and soft.
Hair bulb – the base of the hair root where growth begins.

Functions of the Hair

The hair plays several important roles in the body.

The following are the functions of the hair:

It protects the scalp from direct sunlight and injury.
It helps regulate body temperature.
It adds beauty and enhances personal appearance.
It protects the skin from dust and small particles.

Structure and Parts of the Eyes

The eyes are the organs of sight. They are sensitive to light and help us see the world around us.

The following are the main parts of the eyes:

Cornea – the clear outer covering that protects the eye.
Iris – the coloured part that controls the size of the pupil.
Pupil – the black opening that allows light to enter.
Lens – helps to focus light on the retina.
Retina – receives light and sends signals to the brain.
Optic nerve – carries messages from the eye to the brain.
Eyelids and eyelashes – protect the eyes from dust and injury.

Functions of the Eyes

The eyes are important organs of the human body.

The following are the functions of the eyes:

They enable us to see objects clearly.
They help us distinguish colours and shapes.
They guide our movements and activities.
They help us avoid danger by recognizing obstacles.

Care and Grooming of the Hair and Eyes

Good grooming and care keep the hair and eyes healthy and attractive.

The following are ways of caring for the hair:

Wash the hair regularly with clean water and mild shampoo.
Comb the hair neatly and regularly.
Avoid sharing combs and hairbrushes.
Trim hair regularly to maintain good shape.
Apply natural oil or cream to keep hair healthy.

The following are ways of caring for the eyes:

Wash the face and eyes with clean water daily.
Avoid rubbing the eyes with dirty hands.
Do not share towels or handkerchiefs.
Protect the eyes from direct sunlight and dust.
Eat balanced diet rich in vitamins for healthy eyes.
Visit an eye specialist if there are problems with vision.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Storytelling, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher tells a short story of a child who had eye irritation because of poor hygiene and another child with dirty hair full of dandruff, then links it to the day’s topic.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and respond to the story by sharing their own experiences.
Learning Point: Pupils are motivated and prepared to learn about hair and eye care.

Step 2: Structure and Parts of the Hair

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher presents a chart and wig sample to explain the structure and parts of the hair.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the chart and identify the parts.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the structure and parts of the hair.

Step 3: Structure and Parts of the Eyes

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation and Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher shows a chart of the human eye, pointing out its parts and explaining their functions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and answer questions asked by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the structure and parts of the eyes.

Step 4: Care and Grooming of Hair and Eyes

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher demonstrates proper hair combing and eye cleaning methods using available materials.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice combing and explain how to care for their eyes.
Learning Point: Pupils learn practical ways of caring for the hair and eyes.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes the lesson summary on the board for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mention three parts of the hair.
State two functions of the eyes.
List three ways of caring for the hair.
List two ways of caring for the eyes.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally to the questions.
Learning Point: Pupils recall and demonstrate understanding of the lesson content.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the key points, emphasizes the importance of grooming, and encourages pupils to always practice good hygiene.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions where needed.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of caring for the hair and eyes.

Home Task: List four lesson examples connected with The Human Body (Part 1) and add one correct use, step or safety rule.

Lesson Keywords

Hair shaft – visible part of the hair above the skin
Follicle – pocket in the skin where hair grows
Cornea – clear covering that protects the eye
Retina – part of the eye that receives light and sends signals to the brain
Grooming – keeping oneself neat and clean

Differentiation

Teacher provides additional support to slower learners with repeated explanation and visual aids, while advanced learners are engaged to lead demonstrations and group discussions.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure cleanliness when demonstrating grooming activities. Encourage active participation and correct pupils gently when they practice wrongly. Emphasize the importance of hygiene.