Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 4
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Pre Vocational Studies
Curriculum Theme: Home Economics
Previous Lesson: Structure, Functions, and Care of the Hair and Eyes
Topic: The Human Body (Part 2)
Subject Matter: Structure and Parts of the Ears and Nose, Functions of the Ears and Nose, Care and Grooming of the Ears and Nose

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify the main parts of the ear and nose.
(b) State the functions of the ear and nose.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of proper care and grooming of the ear and nose.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate simple practices for cleaning the ear and nose safely.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to discuss ways of caring for the ear and nose.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
National Library of Medicine – “Anatomy of the Ear” (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531499/)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts and diagrams of the human ear and nose
Models of the human head showing ear and nose parts
A projector or laptop for showing videos on ear and nose care
Cotton buds (for demonstration only, with caution)
Whiteboard and markers

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the structure, functions, and proper care of the ear and nose which are vital sense organs for hearing, balance, and breathing.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are already familiar with the human body from earlier lessons and know that the body has different parts used for sensing and survival.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

The Human Body

Structure and Parts of the Ear

The ear is the sense organ responsible for hearing and balance. It has three main parts that work together to collect and process sound.

The following are the main parts of the ear:

Outer Ear – made up of the pinna (ear flap) and ear canal, which collects sound waves.
Middle Ear – contains three small bones called ossicles (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that amplify sound.
Inner Ear – made up of the cochlea (for hearing) and the semicircular canals (for balance).

Structure and Parts of the Nose

The nose is the organ for smelling and also plays a role in breathing. It filters, warms, and moistens the air we inhale.

The following are the main parts of the nose:

Nostrils – openings through which air enters and leaves.
Nasal cavity – lined with tiny hairs (cilia) and mucus to trap dust and germs.
Olfactory organ – contains nerves that detect smells.

Functions of the Ear

The ear performs two important functions that help humans interact with their environment.

The following are the functions of the ear:

It helps us to hear sounds and communicate.
It maintains balance and body position.
It helps detect direction and distance of sounds.

Functions of the Nose

The nose is vital for both smelling and breathing.

The following are the functions of the nose:

It helps in breathing by allowing air to pass in and out.
It detects and identifies different odors.
It filters dust and germs through mucus and hairs.
It warms and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs.

Care and Grooming of the Ear and Nose

Proper care of the ear and nose keeps them healthy and prevents infections.

The following are ways of caring for the ear and nose:

Clean the outer part of the ear with a clean cloth, not sharp objects.
Avoid inserting pins, sticks, or objects into the ear canal.
Blow the nose gently when it is blocked with mucus.
Use a clean handkerchief or tissue when cleaning the nose.
Avoid loud noises that can damage the ear.
Seek medical attention when there are ear or nose problems.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Use of Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher tells a short story about someone who lost balance because of an ear infection or could not perceive food aroma due to a blocked nose. Teacher links the story to the lesson.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and respond by sharing experiences of nose blockage or earache.
Learning Point: Pupils are motivated to learn about the ear and nose.

Step 2: Structure and Parts of the Ear

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher uses a chart to identify and explain the three parts of the ear.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the chart and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils know the major parts of the ear.

Step 3: Structure and Parts of the Nose

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the main parts of the nose using diagrams.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils identify the nostrils, nasal cavity, and olfactory organ.

Step 4: Functions and Care of the Ear and Nose

Time: 12 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion and Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the functions of the ear and nose, then demonstrates correct ways of cleaning and caring for them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils discuss the functions and participate in safe care demonstrations.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the uses and proper care of the ear and nose.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write notes in their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

List the three main parts of the ear.
State two functions of the nose.
Mention three ways of caring for the ear and nose.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils recall and apply knowledge of the ear and nose.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to maintain proper hygiene for their ears and nose.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask final questions.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of ear and nose care.

Home Task: List four lesson examples connected with The Human Body (Part 2) and add one correct use, step or safety rule.

Lesson Keywords

Ear – organ used for hearing and balance
Cochlea – inner ear part that helps in hearing
Nostril – opening of the nose for air passage
Olfactory – relating to the sense of smell
Hygiene – practices that keep the body clean and healthy

Differentiation

The teacher will use visual aids and practical demonstrations to support slow learners, while advanced learners may explain functions of the ear and nose to peers.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that pupils do not practice unsafe methods like inserting objects into the ear or nose. Emphasize health and hygiene in practical demonstrations.