Multiplication, Using Multiplication Tables to Find Products of Numbers for Primary 3

Class: Primary 3
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Age: 8 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Number and Numeration
Previous Lesson: Multiplication as Repeated Addition Using Multiplication Table.
Topic: Multiplication
Subject Matter: Using multiplication tables to find products of numbers

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Recall simple multiplication facts without using the multiplication table.
• Use multiplication tables to find products of single-digit numbers.
• Apply multiplication tables to multiply two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the importance of memorizing multiplication facts.
• Show confidence in solving multiplication problems.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Correctly write out multiplication problems and their solutions.
• Efficiently use a multiplication table to find products.

Social Domain:

• Participate actively in class discussions and group work related to multiplication.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• State Unified Scheme of Work
• New Concept Mathematics for Primary 3
• Multiplication charts

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Multiplication charts/tables
• Flashcards with simple multiplication facts
• Whiteboard/chalkboard
• Markers/chalk

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils develop foundational skills in multiplication, which is essential for more advanced mathematical concepts and daily life applications like calculating costs or quantities. Mastering multiplication tables enables pupils to solve problems quickly and accurately.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should be able to count numbers, understand repeated addition, and recognize number patterns.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Multiplication

Definition of Multiplication

Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number many times. It is also known as repeated addition. The sign for multiplication is ‘x’.

Using Multiplication Tables

Multiplication tables help us find the product (the answer to a multiplication problem) of numbers quickly. A multiplication table shows the products of numbers when they are multiplied by other numbers.

Examples of Simple Multiplication:

• 3 x 4 = 12 (This means 3 added 4 times: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12)
• 5 x 6 = 30 (This means 5 added 6 times: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 30)
• 7 x 2 = 14

Multiplying Two-Digit Numbers by One-Digit Numbers

We can use multiplication tables to multiply larger numbers. We multiply the one-digit number by each digit of the two-digit number, starting from the ones place.

Example 1: Multiply 12 by 3

Step 1: Write the numbers vertically.

  12
x  3
----

Step 2: Multiply the ones digit (2) by 3.

  12
x  3
----
   6  (since 2 x 3 = 6)

Step 3: Multiply the tens digit (1) by 3.

  12
x  3
----
  36  (since 1 x 3 = 3, write it in the tens place)

So, 12 x 3 = 36

Example 2: Multiply 23 by 4

Step 1: Write the numbers vertically.

  23
x  4
----

Step 2: Multiply the ones digit (3) by 4.

  23
x  4
----
  12  (since 3 x 4 = 12, write 2 in the ones place and carry over 1 to the tens place)

Step 3: Multiply the tens digit (2) by 4, then add the carried over 1.

  23
x  4
----
  92  (since 2 x 4 = 8, and 8 + 1 (carried over) = 9. Write 9 in the tens place)

So, 23 x 4 = 92

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Multiplication

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson on repeated addition, and then introduces multiplication as a faster way of adding the same number. The teacher writes the topic “Multiplication” on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall the previous lesson, and listen attentively to the introduction of the new topic.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson on multiplication.

Step 2: Recalling Simple Multiplication Facts

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Recall/Drilling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses flashcards to drill pupils on simple multiplication facts (e.g., 2×2, 3×5, 4×3) without showing the answers. The teacher encourages pupils to recall from memory.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils try to recall and state the products of the simple multiplication facts presented on the flashcards.
Learning Point: Pupils practice memorizing basic multiplication facts.

Step 3: Introduction to Multiplication Tables

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a large multiplication chart and explains what it is and how to use it. The teacher demonstrates how to find the product of two single-digit numbers using the table (e.g., finding 6 x 7).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the multiplication chart and listen to the teacher’s explanation on how to use it.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the structure and purpose of a multiplication table.

Step 4: Using Tables for Simple Products

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to use the multiplication table to find products of various single-digit numbers, such as 5 x 8, 9 x 4, and 7 x 6, allowing them to locate the answers on the chart.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils actively use the multiplication table to find the products of the given single-digit numbers under the teacher’s guidance.
Learning Point: Pupils gain practical experience in finding products using a multiplication table.

Step 5: Multiplying Two-Digit by One-Digit Numbers

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates on the board how to multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number using the steps outlined in the board summary, with examples like 12 x 3 and 23 x 4, explaining each step clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch the teacher’s demonstration carefully and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the step-by-step process for multiplying two-digit by one-digit numbers.

Step 6: Class Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Independent Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes a few multiplication problems (e.g., 15 x 2, 21 x 3) on the board and asks pupils to solve them individually in their notebooks, encouraging them to use the multiplication table if needed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils attempt to solve the given multiplication problems in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils apply their understanding to solve multiplication problems independently.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. What is multiplication?
2. State the product of 6 x 5 without looking at the table.
3. Using a multiplication table, find the product of 8 x 9.
4. Multiply 13 by 2.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of knowing multiplication facts and how to use the multiplication table. The teacher assigns homework for further practice.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the assigned homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are prepared for further practice.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on Multiplication. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

• Multiplication – A mathematical operation that finds the product of two numbers (repeated addition).
• Product – The result obtained when two or more numbers are multiplied together.
• Table – A chart that shows the products of numbers when multiplied by other numbers.
• Multiply – To perform the operation of multiplication.

Differentiation

For struggling learners, the teacher will provide more one-on-one support and simplified multiplication charts. Advanced learners will be given more complex two-digit by one-digit multiplication problems and encouraged to attempt three-digit by one-digit problems.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that pupils have access to multiplication charts or are encouraged to draw their own simple tables. Regular drills on multiplication facts are important for memorization. Emphasize the connection between repeated addition and multiplication to build a strong conceptual understanding.