Multiplication, 3-Digit by 3-Digit, Decimals and Fractions ‘Of’ for Primary 5

Class: Primary 5
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Age: 10 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: General Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Number and Numeration
Previous Lesson: Subtraction of Numbers and Fractions, Decimals, Mixed Numbers and Word Problems.
Topic: MULTIPLICATION
Subject Matter: Multiplication of 3-digit numbers by a 3-digit number, multiplication of numbers by zero and one, multiplication of decimals by whole numbers, using the operation “of” as multiplication in fractions, quantitative aptitude on multiplication.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Multiply 3-digit numbers by 3-digit numbers accurately.
• State the rules for multiplying numbers by zero and one.
• Multiply decimal numbers by whole numbers correctly.
• Interpret and apply the operation “of” as multiplication in fractions.
• Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving multiplication.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the importance of accuracy in multiplication.
• Show interest in solving multiplication problems.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Perform multiplication operations with speed and precision.
• Demonstrate the steps for solving various multiplication problems.

Social Domain:

• Work cooperatively with peers to solve multiplication tasks.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Primary 4-6) Mathematics
• Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Primary Schools (Mathematics)
• New Method Mathematics for Primary Schools Book 5
• https://www.splashlearn.com/math-games/multiplication-games

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Chart showing examples of 3-digit by 3-digit multiplication
• Flash cards with multiplication facts
• Counters
• Abacus chart
• Quantitative aptitude book
• Fraction cards

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to multiply larger numbers, decimals, and fractions, which are essential skills for everyday calculations. It enables them to solve practical problems involving quantities and proportions, making them more confident in handling mathematical tasks.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have prior knowledge of basic multiplication facts, multiplication of 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers, and simple fraction concepts.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

MULTIPLICATION

Multiplication of 3-digit Numbers by a 3-digit Number

To multiply a 3-digit number by a 3-digit number, we use the standard algorithm, multiplying each digit of the bottom number by the top number and adding the partial products.

Example 1: Multiply 123 by 456

   123
x 456
—–
  738 (6 x 123)
 6150 (50 x 123, place a zero)
49200 (400 x 123, place two zeros)
—–
56088

Example 2: Multiply 345 by 217

   345
x 217
—–
 2415 (7 x 345)
 3450 (10 x 345, place a zero)
69000 (200 x 345, place two zeros)
—–
74865

NOTE: Remember to align the numbers correctly and add the partial products carefully.

Multiplication of Numbers by Zero and One

The following are rules for multiplying numbers by zero and one:

• Multiplication by Zero: Any number multiplied by zero is zero. (e.g., 5 x 0 = 0, 120 x 0 = 0)
• Multiplication by One: Any number multiplied by one is the number itself. (e.g., 7 x 1 = 7, 500 x 1 = 500)

Multiplication of Decimals by Whole Numbers

To multiply a decimal number by a whole number, multiply them as if they were whole numbers. Then, count the total number of decimal places in the decimal number and place the decimal point in the product so it has the same number of decimal places.

Example 1: Multiply 3.45 by 6

   3.45 (2 decimal places)
x    6
—–
 20.70 (2 decimal places)

Example 2: Multiply 0.7 by 8

   0.7 (1 decimal place)
x    8
—–
  5.6 (1 decimal place)

NOTE: The number of decimal places in the answer must be equal to the number of decimal places in the decimal factor.

Using the Operation “of” as Multiplication in Fractions

In mathematics, the word “of” often means multiplication, especially when dealing with fractions. To find a fraction “of” a number, multiply the fraction by the number.

Example 1: Find 2/3 of 15

Step 1: Replace “of” with the multiplication sign.
   2/3 x 15
Step 2: Multiply the numerator by the whole number.
   (2 x 15) / 3 = 30 / 3
Step 3: Simplify the fraction.
   30 / 3 = 10
Therefore, 2/3 of 15 is 10.

Example 2: Find 1/4 of 20

Step 1: Replace “of” with the multiplication sign.
   1/4 x 20
Step 2: Multiply the numerator by the whole number.
   (1 x 20) / 4 = 20 / 4
Step 3: Simplify the fraction.
   20 / 4 = 5
Therefore, 1/4 of 20 is 5.

Quantitative Aptitude on Multiplication

Quantitative aptitude problems involving multiplication require applying multiplication concepts to solve real-world scenarios or numerical puzzles. These problems test understanding and problem-solving skills.

Example 1: A box contains 12 packets of biscuits. Each packet has 8 biscuits. How many biscuits are in 5 such boxes?

Step 1: Find biscuits in one packet.
   1 packet = 8 biscuits
Step 2: Find biscuits in one box.
   1 box = 12 packets = 12 x 8 = 96 biscuits
Step 3: Find biscuits in 5 boxes.
   5 boxes = 5 x 96 = 480 biscuits
Answer: There are 480 biscuits in 5 boxes.

Example 2: If a car travels 60 km in one hour, how far will it travel in 3 hours?

Step 1: Identify the distance covered in one hour.
   Distance in 1 hour = 60 km
Step 2: Multiply by the total number of hours.
   Distance in 3 hours = 60 km/hour x 3 hours = 180 km
Answer: The car will travel 180 km in 3 hours.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Set Induction

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall basic multiplication facts and how to multiply 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers. The teacher then introduces the topic: Multiplication, stating that they will learn about multiplying larger numbers, decimals, and fractions.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively to the introduction of the new topic.

Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and are prepared for the new lesson.

Step 2: Multiplication of 3-digit Numbers by a 3-digit Number

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the process of multiplying 3-digit numbers by 3-digit numbers using a chart and demonstrates examples on the board, emphasizing proper alignment and addition of partial products. The teacher guides pupils through the examples in the board summary.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration, ask questions for clarification, and copy the examples into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Pupils learn how to multiply 3-digit numbers by 3-digit numbers.

Step 3: Multiplication of Numbers by Zero and One

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the rules for multiplying any number by zero and by one, providing simple examples. The teacher asks pupils to state these rules.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the explanation, state the rules, and provide their own examples.

Learning Point: Pupils understand the properties of multiplication by zero and one.

Step 4: Multiplication of Decimals by Whole Numbers

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Practice

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to multiply decimal numbers by whole numbers on the board, explaining how to count and place the decimal point in the product. The teacher works through the examples from the board summary.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils follow the steps, practice solving similar problems, and pay attention to decimal point placement.

Learning Point: Pupils learn to multiply decimal numbers by whole numbers.

Step 5: Using “of” as Multiplication in Fractions

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Application

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that “of” in fractions means multiplication and demonstrates how to solve problems like “2/3 of 15” using fraction cards or diagrams if available. The teacher guides pupils through the examples in the board summary.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils understand the concept, participate in solving examples, and write down the steps.

Learning Point: Pupils can apply multiplication to solve fraction problems involving “of”.

Step 6: Quantitative Aptitude on Multiplication

Time: 6 minutes

Teaching Skill: Problem-solving/Guidance

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents simple quantitative aptitude problems involving multiplication from the board summary. The teacher guides pupils on how to break down and solve these word problems.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils attempt to solve the problems individually or in pairs, sharing their methods and answers.

Learning Point: Pupils develop problem-solving skills using multiplication.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Multiply 215 by 134.
2. What is 7 x 0? What is 7 x 1?
3. Multiply 5.2 by 4.
4. Find 3/5 of 25.
5. A farmer has 15 rows of yam, with 20 yam plants in each row. How many yam plants does he have in total?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: Remaining minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of multiplication in various contexts. The teacher gives pupils homework to reinforce their learning.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework assignment.

Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are given further practice.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on MULTIPLICATION. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

• Multiplication – The process of calculating the product of two or more numbers.
• Product – The result of multiplying two or more numbers.
• Decimal – A number that contains a decimal point, representing a fractional part.
• Fraction – A part of a whole.
• Quantitative Aptitude – The ability to solve numerical problems quickly and accurately.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher will provide more challenging quantitative aptitude problems. For those who need more support, the teacher will provide additional guided practice with simpler examples and one-on-one assistance, using counters or visual aids.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure that pupils have a strong foundation in basic multiplication tables before starting this lesson. Emphasize step-by-step working for all multiplication types, especially for 3-digit numbers and decimals, to encourage accuracy. Encourage pupils to explain their reasoning for quantitative aptitude problems.