Fraction, Division of Concrete Objects Into, 1 1 for Primary 3

Class: Primary 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 3
Age: 8 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Numbers
Previous Lesson: Equivalent Fractions, Equivalent Fractions, Dividing Sets of Objects Into Two.
Topic: Fraction
Subject Matter: Division of concrete objects into fractions, Fractions of shapes, Identifying numerator and denominators of fractions.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Define what a fraction is.
• Divide concrete objects into equal parts to form fractions.
• Divide shapes into given numbers of equal parts and identify the corresponding fraction.
• Identify the numerator and denominator of a given fraction.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the concept of equal sharing in daily life.
• Show interest in learning about fractions.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Demonstrate fractions using concrete objects.
• Draw and shade fractional parts of shapes accurately.

Social Domain:

• Work cooperatively in group activities involving sharing and fractions.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Primary 3
• State Unified Scheme of Work
• New General Mathematics for Primary Schools Book 3

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Concrete objects such as oranges, apples, biscuits, or paper
• Chart showing different shapes (squares, rectangles, triangles, circles) divided into equal parts
• Flashcards with various fractions written on them

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand that fractions represent parts of a whole, which is a fundamental concept for sharing and measurement in everyday situations. Understanding fractions builds a strong foundation for more advanced mathematical concepts.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of division and equal sharing of objects among a few people.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Fraction

What is a Fraction?

A fraction is a part of a whole. It represents one or more equal parts of a whole object or quantity.

Division of Concrete Objects into Fractions

When a whole object is divided into equal parts, each part is a fraction of the whole. For example, if an orange is cut into 2 equal parts, each part is called one-half (¹/₂) of the orange.

Examples:

• If 1 apple is divided into 2 equal parts, each part is ¹/₂.
• If 1 cake is divided into 4 equal parts, each part is ¹/₄.
• If 1 pizza is divided into 8 equal parts, each part is ¹/₈.

Fractions of Shapes

Shapes can also be divided into equal parts to show fractions. The shaded part represents a fraction of the whole shape.

Examples:

• A square divided into 2 equal parts with one part shaded shows ¹/₂.
• A circle divided into 4 equal parts with three parts shaded shows ³/₄.
• A rectangle divided into 3 equal parts with two parts shaded shows ²/₃.

Identifying Numerator and Denominator

In a fraction like ¹/₂:

• The top number is called the numerator. It tells us how many equal parts we are considering.
• The bottom number is called the denominator. It tells us the total number of equal parts the whole is divided into.

Example: In the fraction ³/₄:

• 3 is the numerator (we are considering 3 parts).
• 4 is the denominator (the whole is divided into 4 equal parts).

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them questions about sharing things equally, like sharing a biscuit with a friend.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and share their experiences of sharing.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the idea of equal parts and sharing.

Step 2: Division of Concrete Objects into Fractions

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses concrete objects (e.g., an orange or a piece of paper) to demonstrate how to divide them into 2, 3, or 4 equal parts. The teacher then introduces the term “fraction” and explains that each part is a fraction of the whole.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and listen attentively. They may also practice dividing objects if available.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to divide whole objects into equal parts to form fractions.

Step 3: Fractions of Shapes

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Visual Aids/Drawing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays charts with various shapes (circles, squares, rectangles) divided into equal parts. The teacher shades parts of the shapes and asks pupils to identify the fraction represented by the shaded part.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify the fractions of the shaded shapes and may draw simple shapes in their notebooks, dividing them into equal parts.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to identify and represent fractions using geometric shapes.

Step 4: Identifying Numerator and Denominator

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what the numerator and denominator are using simple fractions like ¹/₂, ¹/₄, ³/₄. The teacher points to fractions on flashcards and asks pupils to identify the numerator and denominator.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the explanation and practice identifying the numerator and denominator from the flashcards and examples given.
Learning Point: Pupils can correctly identify the numerator and denominator in any given fraction.

Step 5: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. What is a fraction?
2. If you divide an apple into 4 equal parts, what fraction does each part represent?
3. Draw a rectangle and shade ²/₃ of it.
4. In the fraction ⁵/₈, what is the numerator and what is the denominator?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson by reiterating that fractions are equal parts of a whole and that they have a numerator and a denominator. The teacher assigns homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding of fractions.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on Fraction. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

• Fraction – A part of a whole.
• Numerator – The top number in a fraction, showing how many parts are being considered.
• Denominator – The bottom number in a fraction, showing the total number of equal parts the whole is divided into.
• Equal Parts – Parts that are exactly the same size.

Differentiation

For struggling learners, the teacher will provide more one-on-one guidance and use more physical objects for hands-on practice. Advanced learners will be challenged to create their own fraction problems using different numbers of parts and shapes.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that all objects used for demonstration are divided into truly equal parts to avoid confusion. Encourage pupils to use correct fraction terminology. Use plenty of visual aids and practical examples relevant to pupils’ daily lives.