Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 6
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Clothing and Textiles
Curriculum Theme: Clothing and Textiles
Previous Lesson: Garment Making Processes: Seams and Edge Finishing.
Topic: GARMENT MAKING PROCESSES
Subject Matter: openings including faced and bound, fastenings including zippers and press studs, practical making of openings and fastenings

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define openings and fastenings in garment making.
Identify different types of openings and fastenings used in garments.
State the importance of openings and fastenings in clothing.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the skill and precision required in making openings and attaching fastenings.
Show interest in practical garment construction.

Psychomotor Domain:

Demonstrate how to make a faced or bound opening on a fabric sample.
Attach a zipper to a fabric sample.
Attach press studs to a fabric sample correctly.

Work cooperatively with peers during practical activities.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Senior Secondary Schools.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Clothing and Textiles SSS 1.
Adepoju, A. (2018). Clothing and Textiles for Senior Secondary Schools. Ibadan: University Press PLC.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Fabric pieces (calico or other plain weave fabric)
Zippers (various types if possible)
Press studs
Matching thread
Hand sewing needles
Scissors
Pins
Measuring tape
Chalk or fabric marker
Samples of garments with different openings and fastenings

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand important construction details that allow garments to be put on and taken off easily. Learning about openings and fastenings is essential for creating functional and well-fitting clothing, which is a practical skill for everyday life.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have basic knowledge of hand sewing stitches and an understanding of simple garment construction terms.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

GARMENT MAKING PROCESSES: OPENINGS AND FASTENINGS

Openings in Garments

Openings are slits or gaps made in garments to allow the wearer to put on and take off the garment easily. They are usually found at the neckline, waistline, sleeves, or side seams.

The following are common types of openings:

Faced Opening: An opening finished with a strip of fabric (facing) cut to the same shape as the edge being finished. It provides a neat and durable edge.
Bound Opening: An opening finished with a strip of fabric (binding) that encloses the raw edges of the opening. This method is often decorative as well as functional.

Fastenings in Garments

Fastenings are devices used to close openings in garments. They hold two parts of a garment together securely.

The following are common types of fastenings:

Zippers: Mechanical devices consisting of two rows of teeth (or coils) that interlock when pulled together by a slider. Zippers provide a continuous, strong, and neat closure. They come in various lengths and types (e.g., concealed, open-ended, closed-ended).
Press Studs (Snaps): Two-part fasteners that interlock when pressed together. They consist of a ‘stud’ part and a ‘socket’ part. Press studs are suitable for areas where little strain is applied and are commonly used on children’s wear, cuffs, and plackets.

Practical Application: Making Openings and Attaching Fastenings

Practical application involves the actual construction of openings and the attachment of various fastenings to fabric.

The following are general steps for practical application:

For a Faced Opening:
1. Mark the position and length of the opening on the fabric.
2. Cut a facing strip, slightly wider than the opening and long enough to extend beyond the ends.
3. Place the facing right sides together with the garment fabric, aligning the opening lines.
4. Stitch along the marked opening line, tapering at the end.
5. Clip into the corner of the opening, turn the facing to the wrong side, and press.
6. Secure the raw edge of the facing by hemming or machine stitching.
For Attaching a Zipper:
1. Prepare the opening by basting or stitching the seam where the zipper will be inserted.
2. Place the zipper face down on the seam allowance, aligning the teeth with the seam line.
3. Pin and baste the zipper in place.
4. Using a zipper foot on a sewing machine (or hand stitching), stitch one side of the zipper tape to the seam allowance.
5. Close the zipper, mark the bottom, and stitch across the bottom.
6. Stitch the other side of the zipper tape to the remaining seam allowance.
7. Remove basting stitches and press.
For Attaching Press Studs:
1. Mark the exact position for each part of the press stud on the garment opening, ensuring they align.
2. Using a needle and strong thread, sew the ‘ball’ (stud) part onto one side of the opening, stitching through the holes provided.
3. Overlap the opening and mark the corresponding position for the ‘socket’ part.
4. Sew the ‘socket’ part onto the other side of the opening, stitching through its holes.
5. Ensure the press studs meet and fasten securely without puckering the fabric.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the previous lesson briefly. The teacher then asks pupils to identify how they get into and out of their clothes, leading them to mention openings and closures. The teacher introduces the topic for the day: Garment Making Processes, focusing on openings and fastenings.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall previous knowledge, and engage in the introductory discussion.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and relate it to their daily experiences.

Step 2: Explanation of Openings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Clarification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what openings are in garment making and their purpose. The teacher then defines and describes faced and bound openings, using diagrams or actual garment samples to illustrate.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, observe the samples, ask questions for clarification, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept and types of openings in garments.

Step 3: Demonstration of Faced Opening

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modelling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher practically demonstrates how to create a simple faced opening on a fabric sample, explaining each step clearly while performing it. The teacher emphasizes neatness and accuracy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, noting the techniques and steps involved.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the practical steps for making a faced opening.

Step 4: Explanation of Fastenings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Visualisation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what fastenings are and their importance. The teacher then defines and describes zippers and press studs, showing actual samples of each and how they function.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, examine the samples of fastenings, and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept and types of fastenings used in garments.

Step 5: Demonstration of Zippers and Press Studs Attachment

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Practical Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to attach a zipper to a fabric sample and how to sew on press studs. The teacher highlights common errors to avoid and best practices for secure attachment.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstrations, paying attention to the details and techniques.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the practical steps for attaching zippers and press studs.

Step 6: Practical Activity

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher distributes fabric samples, zippers, press studs, needles, and thread to pupils. The teacher instructs pupils to practice making a simple faced opening and attaching either a zipper or press studs to their fabric samples. The teacher moves around, providing individual guidance and correction.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils work individually or in small groups to practice the techniques demonstrated, seeking help when needed.
Learning Point: Pupils develop practical skills in making openings and attaching fastenings.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define openings in garment making.
Mention two types of openings discussed in class.
Explain the purpose of fastenings in garments.
List two types of fastenings and give an example of where each might be used.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of neat and accurate construction of openings and fastenings. The teacher assigns homework for pupils to practice making a bound opening at home or to attach different types of fastenings to their samples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the summary and homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further practice.

Lesson Keywords

Openings – Slits or gaps in garments to allow easy wearing and removal.
Fastenings – Devices used to close openings and hold parts of a garment together.
Faced opening – An opening finished with a fabric strip cut to the same shape as the edge.
Bound opening – An opening finished with a fabric strip that encloses the raw edges.
Zipper – A mechanical fastening with interlocking teeth or coils.
Press stud (Snap) – A two-part fastener that interlocks when pressed.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to try more complex openings or to attach different types of zippers. For pupils who need additional support, the teacher can provide one-on-one guidance during practical sessions and offer simplified versions of the tasks, focusing on basic attachment methods.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all instructional materials, especially fabric samples and fastenings, are prepared in advance for each pupil or group. Emphasize safety precautions when using needles and scissors. Encourage pupils to be patient and precise during practical activities, as these skills are fundamental to good garment construction.