Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 7
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Clothing and Textiles
Curriculum Theme: Clothing and Textiles
Previous Lesson: Garment Making Processes: Openings and Fastenings.
Topic: GARMENT MAKING PROCESSES
Subject Matter: cross way strips cutting, cross way strips application, compiling photo album of basic stitches, compiling photo album of garment making processes

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define crossway strips.
State the importance of using crossway strips in garment making.
Explain the benefits of compiling a photo album for garment making processes.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the neatness and finish achieved by properly applying crossway strips.
Value the importance of documenting basic stitches and garment making processes.

Psychomotor Domain:

Cut crossway strips accurately from fabric.
Apply crossway strips neatly to a fabric sample.
Compile a page for a photo album showing a basic stitch or a garment making process.

Work cooperatively with peers when sharing materials or discussing techniques.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Senior Secondary Schools.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary Schools (Clothing and Textiles).
Adedokun, M.A. (2018). Clothing and Textile for Senior Secondary Schools 1-3. Ibadan: University Press PLC.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Fabric samples
Scissors
Measuring tape/ruler
Sewing machine or needle and thread
Sample photo album pages
Printed pictures of basic stitches and garment making processes
Glue or adhesive

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils develop practical skills in finishing garments and documenting textile processes. Learning to cut and apply crossway strips enables pupils to create neat and durable edges on their sewing projects. Compiling a photo album helps them visualize and remember different garment construction steps and basic stitches for future use.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have basic knowledge of sewing tools, different types of fabrics, and simple hand stitches.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

GARMENT MAKING PROCESSES

Crossway Strips

Crossway strips, also known as bias strips, are strips of fabric cut on the bias grain (45-degree angle to the selvage). Cutting fabric on the bias gives the strip elasticity, allowing it to curve smoothly around edges without pulling or puckering.

The importance of using crossway strips includes:

Providing a neat and durable finish to raw edges.
Allowing fabric edges to lie flat and smooth, especially on curved areas.
Preventing fraying of fabric edges.
Adding decorative detail to garments.

How to Cut Crossway Strips

The following are the steps to cut crossway strips:

Lay the fabric flat and smooth.
Identify the bias grain by folding a corner of the fabric so that the selvage edge aligns with the cut edge, forming a 45-degree angle.
Press the fold or mark this line with a ruler and tailor’s chalk.
Measure and mark parallel lines from this bias line at the desired width (e.g., 1 inch or 2.5 cm).
Cut along these marked lines to create continuous bias strips.

How to Apply Crossway Strips

The following are the general steps to apply crossway strips:

Join bias strips together to form a continuous length, if needed, by sewing them at a 45-degree angle.
Press the seams open.
With right sides together, pin the raw edge of the bias strip to the raw edge of the garment to be finished.
Stitch along the pinned edge, using a seam allowance appropriate for the strip width.
Trim the seam allowance if necessary.
Press the bias strip away from the garment.
Fold the bias strip over the raw edge to the wrong side of the garment, encasing the raw edge.
Pin and stitch the folded edge of the bias strip in place, either by hand or machine, ensuring a neat finish.

Compiling a Photo Album of Basic Stitches and Garment Making Processes

A photo album in Clothing and Textiles serves as a visual record and reference tool. It can contain pictures of different stitches, tools, garment parts, and steps in garment construction.

The importance of compiling such a photo album includes:

Aiding in visual learning and memory retention of stitches and processes.
Serving as a practical reference guide during future projects.
Showcasing learned skills and progress.
Helping to organize and categorize information clearly.

The general process of compiling a photo album involves:

Gathering relevant pictures or sketches of stitches, tools, or garment making steps.
Organizing these visuals in a logical sequence (e.g., by stitch type, by process step).
Mounting the pictures neatly onto album pages.
Adding clear, concise labels or descriptions for each visual.
Ensuring the album is well-organized and easy to navigate.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews their previous lesson on basic stitches. The teacher then introduces the topic “Garment Making Processes” by asking pupils how they think professional tailors make garment edges look so neat and durable.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and are introduced to the new topic.

Step 2: Explanation of Crossway Strips

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines crossway strips and explains their importance in garment making, emphasizing their elasticity and ability to create neat finishes on curved edges. The teacher shows examples of garments finished with crossway strips.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the examples, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what crossway strips are and why they are used.

Step 3: Demonstration of Cutting Crossway Strips

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modeling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates practically how to identify the bias grain and cut accurate crossway strips from a fabric sample using a ruler and scissors. The teacher explains each step clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, noting the steps and techniques.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the correct procedure for cutting crossway strips.

Step 4: Pupils Practice Cutting Crossway Strips

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher distributes fabric scraps to pupils and guides them to practice cutting crossway strips. The teacher moves around the classroom, providing individual assistance and correcting mistakes.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice cutting crossway strips under the teacher’s supervision.
Learning Point: Pupils develop practical skills in cutting crossway strips.

Step 5: Demonstration of Applying Crossway Strips

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modeling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to apply a cut crossway strip to a fabric edge, showing how to pin, stitch, trim, fold, and finish the strip neatly. The teacher emphasizes neatness and even stitching.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration, paying attention to the application technique.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the correct procedure for applying crossway strips.

Step 6: Explanation and Guidance on Compiling Photo Album

Time: 4 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Instruction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the importance of keeping a photo album for basic stitches and garment making processes. The teacher shows a sample photo album and guides pupils on how to collect pictures, organize them, and label them effectively to create their own album pages.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, examine the sample album, and understand the requirements for compiling their own.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the value and process of creating a visual record of their work.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define crossway strips.
State two reasons why crossway strips are important in garment making.
List three steps involved in cutting a crossway strip.
Mention one benefit of compiling a photo album for garment making processes.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of neat finishing with crossway strips and the usefulness of a photo album. The teacher assigns pupils to apply crossway strips to a practice sample at home and to start compiling their photo album pages with pictures of basic stitches.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are given tasks to reinforce the lesson.

Lesson Keywords

Crossway Strips – Strips of fabric cut on the bias grain (45-degree angle) to provide elasticity for neat finishing.
Bias Grain – The diagonal direction on a woven fabric, which has more stretch than the lengthwise or crosswise grains.
Photo Album – A collection of pictures or visuals used as a reference or record, in this context, for basic stitches and garment making processes.
Garment Finishing – The process of tidying up the raw edges and seams of a garment to give it a neat and durable appearance.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher will encourage them to experiment with applying crossway strips to different shapes (e.g., curved edges, corners) or to find more pictures for their photo albums. For pupils who need more support, the teacher will provide additional one-on-one guidance during practical sessions and offer simplified visuals for the photo album compilation.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all materials are readily available before the lesson to facilitate smooth demonstrations and practical activities. Encourage pupils to bring their own fabric scraps for practice. Emphasize safety when using scissors. The photo album compilation can be an ongoing project, with pupils adding pages as new stitches and processes are learned.