Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: First Term
Week: 5
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Islamic Religious Studies
Curriculum Theme: Islamic Religious Studies
Previous Lesson: Hadith of the Holy Prophet:.
Topic: Compilation and standardization of the Glorious Qur’an.
Subject Matter: Meaning of compilation of the Glorious Qur’an, meaning of standardization of the Glorious Qur’an, how the Qur’an was compiled during the third Caliph, how the Qur’an was standardized during the third Caliph, reasons for standardization.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define compilation of the Glorious Qur’an.
Define standardization of the Glorious Qur’an.
Explain how the Qur’an was compiled during the third Caliph.
State the reasons for standardizing the Qur’an.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the efforts of the companions in preserving the Qur’an.
Value the authenticity and purity of the Glorious Qur’an.

Psychomotor Domain:

Discuss the process of Qur’an compilation and standardization.
Present the importance of the standardized Mus’haf.

Share knowledge about the history of the Qur’an with peers.
Promote respect for the sacred text among fellow pupils.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
New Islamic Studies for Senior Secondary Schools 1
https://islamic-studies.info/quranic-sciences/compilation-of-the-quran/
https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/82672/how-the-quran-was-compiled

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Pictures and slides showing historical events of Qur’an compilation.
Copies of the Glorious Qur’an (Mus’haf).

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the historical process of how the Glorious Qur’an was preserved. It enables them to appreciate the efforts of the companions in ensuring the authenticity and widespread availability of the sacred text for all Muslims.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have prior knowledge of the revelation of the Glorious Qur’an and its importance as the word of Allah.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Compilation and Standardization of the Glorious Qur’an

Meaning of Compilation of the Glorious Qur’an

Compilation of the Glorious Qur’an refers to the process of gathering all the scattered revelations of the Qur’an, which were on various materials like animal skins, palm leaves, and memory, into a single written volume (Mus’haf).

Meaning of Standardization of the Glorious Qur’an

Standardization of the Glorious Qur’an means establishing a uniform and authoritative text of the Qur’an. This process aimed to eliminate variations in dialect, recitation, and writing style that had emerged in different regions, ensuring consistency for all Muslims.

Compilation of the Qur’an during the Third Caliph (Uthman ibn Affan)

During the reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (RA), differences in recitation and dialects of the Qur’an became apparent among Muslims in various provinces. To address this growing concern and prevent disunity, Uthman initiated the compilation of a standardized Mus’haf. He appointed a committee led by Zayd ibn Thabit (RA), which also included Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, Sa’id ibn al-’As, and Abdur-Rahman ibn al-Harith (RA).

Standardization of the Qur’an during the Third Caliph (Uthman ibn Affan)

The standardization process involved several key steps:

The committee gathered all existing copies and fragments of the Qur’an from various companions.
The Mus’haf compiled by Abu Bakr (RA) was used as the primary reference for accuracy.
New copies of the Qur’an were meticulously written in the Quraishi dialect, which was the dialect of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
These standardized copies were then sent to major Islamic centers and provinces, such as Makkah, Madinah, Kufa, Basra, and Damascus.
Caliph Uthman ordered the destruction of all other non-standardized or variant copies to prevent future disagreements and ensure uniformity.

Reasons for Standardization

The main reasons for the standardization of the Qur’an by Caliph Uthman were:

To prevent disunity among Muslims arising from differing recitations and dialects, especially as Islam spread to diverse regions.
To preserve the original text of the Qur’an from any potential corruption, alteration, or errors.
To ensure that all Muslims worldwide recited and learned from a single, authentic, and authoritative text.
To address the challenges posed by the expansion of Islam to non-Arab lands, where new converts might struggle with various dialects and interpretations.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them what they know about the Glorious Qur’an and its importance in Islam.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by sharing their knowledge about the Qur’an.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge about the Qur’an and its significance.

Step 2: Explanation of Compilation

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of “compilation of the Glorious Qur’an” and briefly introduces the historical context.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and take notes on the definition of compilation.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what compilation of the Qur’an means.

Step 3: Explanation of Standardization

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of “standardization of the Glorious Qur’an” and highlights the need for it.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions for clarity, and write down the definition of standardization.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what standardization of the Qur’an means.

Step 4: Compilation and Standardization during Caliph Uthman

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Narration/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher narrates how the Qur’an was compiled and standardized during the time of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (RA), detailing the committee and their process.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the historical account and observe any pictures or slides shown by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the steps and key figures involved in the compilation and standardization of the Qur’an.

Step 5: Reasons for Standardization

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elucidation/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the critical reasons that necessitated the standardization of the Glorious Qur’an.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify and list the reasons for standardization as discussed by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the importance and rationale behind standardizing the Qur’an.

Step 6: Class Discussion and Clarification

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher facilitates a brief discussion, allowing pupils to ask questions and seek further clarification on any aspect of the lesson.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils engage in discussion, ask questions, and contribute their thoughts.
Learning Point: Pupils clarify any misconceptions and deepen their understanding of the topic.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define the term “compilation of the Glorious Qur’an.”
What is meant by the “standardization of the Glorious Qur’an”?
Mention two members of the committee appointed by Caliph Uthman for the standardization of the Qur’an.
State three reasons why the Glorious Qur’an was standardized during the time of Caliph Uthman.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the immense effort in preserving the Qur’an, and gives pupils a take-home assignment to research more about the different recitations (Qira’at).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils take note of the summary and the assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further study.

Lesson Keywords

Compilation – The process of gathering scattered texts into a single volume.
Standardization – The process of establishing a uniform and authoritative text to eliminate variations.
Qur’an – The holy book of Islam, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
Mus’haf – A physical copy of the Qur’an.
Uthman ibn Affan – The third Caliph of Islam, under whose reign the Qur’an was standardized.
Zayd ibn Thabit – The head of the committee appointed by Caliph Uthman for Qur’an standardization.
Quraishi dialect – The dialect of Arabic in which the Qur’an was originally revealed.

Differentiation

For struggling learners, the teacher will provide simplified definitions and focus on key historical figures and events. Advanced learners will be encouraged to research further into the specific challenges faced by the committee and the impact of standardization on Islamic scholarship.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure to use visual aids effectively to illustrate the historical context of the compilation and standardization. Encourage pupils to reflect on the importance of this historical event for the preservation of Islam. Emphasize the authenticity and divine protection of the Qur’an through this process.