Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 9
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Mathematics
Previous Lesson: Basic Properties of Cubes, Cuboids, Pyramids and Cylinders
Topic: Basic Properties Of Some Common Three-Dimensional Figures (Part 2)
Subject Matter: Sphere, Cone, Triangular Prism – faces, vertices and edges.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify and describe the basic properties of sphere, cone, and triangular prism.
(b) Differentiate among the three figures using faces, vertices, and edges.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of three-dimensional figures in everyday life.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Construct or model three-dimensional shapes using cardboard or clay.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to identify real-life examples of these solid shapes.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
BBC Bitesize – “Properties of 3D Shapes” (https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zjv39j6/articles/zcsjqty)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Real-life objects representing 3D shapes (e.g., ball, ice cream cone, Toblerone chocolate bar)
Cardboard or clay models of sphere, cone, and triangular prism
Chart showing faces, vertices, and edges
Ruler, compass, and protractor
Whiteboard and marker

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the properties of sphere, cone, and triangular prism, enabling them to recognize and describe these shapes in real-life situations.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have previously learned about basic three-dimensional shapes such as cubes, cuboids, and cylinders, and can identify their faces, vertices, and edges.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Basic Properties Of Some Common Three-Dimensional Figures

Sphere

A sphere is a perfectly round three-dimensional object. Every point on its surface is at the same distance from its center.

The following are properties of a sphere:

It has no flat face, no edge, and no vertex.
It is perfectly symmetrical around its center.
Its surface is smooth and curved all around.
The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the surface.
The diameter is twice the radius.

Examples include: football, tennis ball, orange, and globe.

Example:
If the radius of a sphere is 7 cm, find its diameter.
Diameter = 2 × radius = 2 × 7 = 14 cm

Cone

A cone is a solid shape with a circular base and one curved surface that meets at a single point called the vertex.

The following are properties of a cone:

It has 1 flat face (the base).
It has 1 curved surface.
It has 1 edge (where the curved surface meets the base).
It has 1 vertex at the tip.

Examples include: ice cream cone, funnel, party hat, and traffic cone.

Example:
If the radius of the base of a cone is 3 cm and the height is 4 cm,
the slant height = √(r² + h²) = √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5 cm.

Triangular Prism

A triangular prism is a solid figure with two identical triangular faces and three rectangular faces joining them.

The following are properties of a triangular prism:

It has 5 faces (2 triangular and 3 rectangular).
It has 9 edges.
It has 6 vertices.
The opposite triangular faces are equal and parallel.

Examples include: Toblerone chocolate bar, tent, and roof beam.

Example:
A triangular prism has a base area of 24 cm² and a height of 10 cm.
Volume = base area × height = 24 × 10 = 240 cm³

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays familiar objects like a ball, cone, and Toblerone chocolate and asks pupils to name them. Leads pupils to recall previous lesson on cubes and cylinders.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify the objects and mention similar ones around them.
Learning Point: Pupils recognize that solids have different shapes and features.

Step 2: Properties of a Sphere

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the properties of a sphere and uses a ball to show that it has no edges or vertices.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and handle the ball to note its features.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the properties of a sphere.

Step 3: Properties of a Cone

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents a cone and identifies its base, vertex, and curved surface. Teacher solves one example of finding slant height.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and label parts of the cone.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the properties of a cone and how to calculate its slant height.

Step 4: Properties of a Triangular Prism

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows a model of a triangular prism and explains its faces, edges, and vertices. Teacher demonstrates how to find the volume of a prism.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in counting faces, edges, and vertices and solve sample volume problem.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the features and volume of a triangular prism.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes the summarized notes on the board for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the lesson summary neatly.
Learning Point: Pupils have an accurate written record of the lesson content.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

State three properties of a sphere.
How many faces does a triangular prism have?
What is the slant height of a cone with radius 5 cm and height 12 cm?
Mention two examples of cone-shaped objects.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the topic.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the main points and encourages pupils to observe 3D shapes around them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of identifying and describing 3D figures.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on Basic Properties Of Some Common Three-Dimensional Figures (Part 2). Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Sphere – round solid figure with all points equidistant from the center.
Cone – solid with a circular base and a pointed top called the vertex.
Prism – solid with identical ends and flat rectangular sides.
Vertex – point where edges of a solid meet.
Edge – line where two faces of a solid meet.

Differentiation

Teacher supports slow learners with real-life examples and physical models, while advanced learners calculate properties and solve extra problems.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils handle actual models of solids. Emphasize differences in faces, edges, and vertices. Use simple examples and relate to everyday objects.