Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 9
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Mathematics
Previous Lesson: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Topic: Fractions (Part 5)
Subject Matter: Multiplication and Division of Fractions, Prime Numbers and Factors

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Solve problems involving multiplication of fractions.
(b) Solve problems involving division of fractions.
(c) Identify prime numbers and factors of given numbers.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show interest in solving mathematical problems involving fractions.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate step-by-step working in solving fraction problems.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to practice multiplication and division of fractions.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Math is Fun – Prime Numbers and Factors (https://www.mathsisfun.com/prime_numbers.html)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Fraction charts and number charts
Flash cards showing multiplication and division of fractions
Chart showing prime numbers within 1–100
Counters, beans or bottle tops for factorization demonstration
Whiteboard and markers

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps students develop strong number sense, computational accuracy, and logical reasoning in handling fractions and understanding factors and primes.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils already know the meaning of fractions, how to simplify fractions, and addition and subtraction of fractions. They are also familiar with basic multiplication tables.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Fractions

Multiplication of Fractions

When multiplying fractions, the numerator is multiplied by the numerator and the denominator is multiplied by the denominator.

The following are the steps in multiplying fractions:

Multiply the numerators.
Multiply the denominators.
Simplify the fraction to the lowest terms if necessary.

Examples include:
23×45=815frac{2}{3} times frac{4}{5} = frac{8}{15}
56×37=1542=514frac{5}{6} times frac{3}{7} = frac{15}{42} = frac{5}{14}

Division of Fractions

Dividing fractions means multiplying the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

The following are the steps in dividing fractions:

Write the reciprocal (invert) of the divisor fraction.
Multiply the first fraction by this reciprocal.
Simplify the answer where possible.

Examples include:
34÷25=34×52=158=178frac{3}{4} div frac{2}{5} = frac{3}{4} times frac{5}{2} = frac{15}{8} = 1frac{7}{8}
79÷1415=79×1514=105126=56frac{7}{9} div frac{14}{15} = frac{7}{9} times frac{15}{14} = frac{105}{126} = frac{5}{6}

Prime Numbers

A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has only two factors, 1 and itself.

Examples are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, etc.

The following are the properties of prime numbers:

They have exactly two factors.
The first prime number is 2, which is also the only even prime.
All other even numbers greater than 2 are not prime.

Factors

A factor of a number is a whole number that divides the given number exactly without a remainder.

The following are examples of factors:

Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
Factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18.
Factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20.

Factors are important in multiplication, division, and simplification of fractions.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Drill and Practice

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks pupils to recall how to add and subtract fractions from previous lessons and introduces the idea of multiplying and dividing fractions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by recalling the rules for addition and subtraction of fractions.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared to learn about multiplication and division of fractions.

Step 2: Multiplication of Fractions

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the steps of multiplying fractions and solves examples on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch, listen, and solve practice problems.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to multiply fractions correctly.

Step 3: Division of Fractions

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher demonstrates how to divide fractions by inverting the second fraction and multiplying.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils solve division problems along with the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to divide fractions using reciprocals.

Step 4: Prime Numbers and Factors

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher defines prime numbers and factors, lists examples, and shows how factors help simplify fractions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils provide examples of prime numbers and factors of given numbers.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify prime numbers and list factors of a given number.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write notes in their books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a record of the key points of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Multiply 35×79frac{3}{5} times frac{7}{9}.
Divide 56÷23frac{5}{6} div frac{2}{3}.
Mention the first five prime numbers.
List the factors of 24.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally and on the board.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of multiplication and division of fractions, prime numbers, and factors.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson, emphasizes the importance of knowing factors and primes, and links them to simplifying fractions.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their knowledge of the topic.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on Fractions (Part 5). Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Fraction – a part of a whole expressed as numerator and denominator
Numerator – the top number of a fraction
Denominator – the bottom number of a fraction
Prime Number – a number with only two factors, 1 and itself
Factor – a whole number that divides another number exactly

Differentiation

Teacher provides simpler problems for weaker learners and more challenging ones for advanced learners. Group work ensures peer support and active participation.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Use visual aids like charts and number lines to strengthen understanding. Encourage pupils to check their work by simplifying answers. Relate prime numbers and factors to real-life scenarios for better retention.