Dabarun mahawara da shirya hujjoji kan batu for Primary 4

Class: Primary 4
Term: Third Term
Week: 4
Age: 9 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Hausa Language
Curriculum Theme: Al’ada
Focal competence: Gabatar da ra’ayi yayin mahawara
Key competencies/values: Sadarwa; Haɗin gwiwa; Girmama juna
Skills:

• Tunani mai zurfi
• Karatu
• Rubutu

Previous Lesson: Ma’anar mahawara, masu shiga mahawara da muhimmancinta
Topic: Mahawara: Dabaru Da Shiri
Subject Matter: Dabarun mahawara da shirya hujjoji kan batu

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• lissafa wasu dabarun mahawara;
• bambance hujjar goyon baya da ta ƙin amincewa;

Affective Domain

• nuna girmamawa ga ra’ayin abokan mahawara;
• haɗa kai da abokan aiki wajen shirya hujjoji;

Psychomotor Domain

• shirya hujjoji masu sauƙi kan batu;
• gabatar da gajeren mahawara kan wani batu.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2025 Revised 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• Littafin Koyar da Harshen Hausa na Firamare 4
• The HeadTeacher Scheme of work

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Katunan batun mahawara
• Kayan rubutu
• Allon rubutu da alli

Rationale for the Lesson

Wannan darasi yana da muhimmanci domin zai taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci yadda ake gabatar da ra’ayi da kuma kare shi cikin hikima. Yana inganta tunani mai zurfi da kuma basirar sadarwa, wanda ke da amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma makaranta. Hakan zai sa su iya shiga tattaunawa yadda ya kamata.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Ɗalibai sun san yadda ake tattaunawa a kan batutuwa daban-daban a cikin aji ko a gida.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Mahawara: Dabaru Da Shiri

Ma’anar Mahawara

Mahawara wata tattaunawa ce ta musamman da ake yi tsakanin mutane biyu ko fiye da haka, inda kowane ɓangare ke gabatar da hujjoji don goyon bayan ra’ayinsa ko kuma ƙin amincewa da ra’ayin ɗayan ɓangaren a kan wani batu. Manufar ita ce a gamsar da masu sauraro ko alƙalai da ingancin ra’ayin kowane ɓangare.

Dabarun Gudanar da Mahawara

Ga wasu dabarun da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da mahawara yadda ya kamata:

1. Fahimtar Batu: Dole ne mai mahawara ya fahimci batun da kyau kafin ya fara magana.
2. Shirya Hujjoji: A shirya hujjoji masu ƙarfi da za su goyi bayan ra’ayin mutum.
3. Amfani da Harshe Mai Kyau: A yi amfani da harshe mai ladabi da gamsarwa, ba tare da zagi ko cin zarafi ba.
4. Sauraro da Kyau: A saurari abokin mahawara da kyau don fahimtar ra’ayinsa da kuma shirya amsa.
5. Gabatarwa A Sarari: A gabatar da hujjoji a sarari, a takaice kuma a bayyane.
6. Girmama Juna: A girmama abokin mahawara ko da kuwa ra’ayinku ya bambanta.

Yadda Ake Shirya Hujjoji Kan Batu

Shirya hujjoji yana da muhimmanci don samun nasara a mahawara. Ga yadda ake shirya hujjoji masu sauƙi:

1. Zaɓi Batu: Da farko, a zaɓi batun da za a yi mahawara a kai. Misali: “Karatun littattafai ya fi kallon talabijin amfani.”
2. Zaɓi Matsayi: A yanke shawara ko za a goyi bayan batun ko kuma a ƙi amincewa da shi.
3. Tattara Bayanai: A tattara bayanai da dalilai masu goyon bayan matsayin da aka zaɓa.
4. Rubuta Dalilai: A rubuta dalilai a takaice kuma a bayyane. Misali, idan ana goyon bayan karatun littattafai, za a iya cewa: “Karatun littattafai yana ƙara ilimi.”
5. Bayar da Misalai: A ba da misalai don ƙarfafa hujjojin. Misali: “Kamar yadda littattafai ke koya mana tarihi da kimiyya.”

Bambancin Hujjar Goyon Baya Da Ta Ƙin Amincewa

A mahawara, akwai manyan nau’ikan hujjoji guda biyu:

1. Hujjar Goyon Baya: Wannan ita ce hujjar da ake gabatarwa don tabbatar da cewa ra’ayin da ake karewa daidai ne ko kuma yana da amfani. Tana nuna dalilai da shaidu da ke ƙarfafa matsayin mai mahawara. Misali: “Yin wasanni yana sa jiki lafiya.”
2. Hujjar Ƙin Amincewa: Wannan ita ce hujjar da ake gabatarwa don nuna cewa ra’ayin ɗayan ɓangaren ba daidai ba ne, ko kuma yana da rauni. Tana nuna dalilai da shaidu da ke raunana matsayin ɗayan ɓangaren. Misali: “Yin wasanni mai yawa yana iya jawo rauni ga jiki.”

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Tattaunawa, Bayani, Tambaya da Amsa, Aikin Rukuni, Aikin Ma’aurata, Nunawa.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Tambaya da Amsa

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai gaishe da ɗalibai sannan ya tambaye su ko sun taɓa ganin mutane suna jayayya ko tattaunawa a kan wani abu. Zai kuma tambaye su menene mahawara a fahimtarsu.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su amsa tambayoyin malamin, su bayyana fahimtarsu kan mahawara.

Learning Point: Fahimtar farko kan mahawara

Step 2: Ma’anar Mahawara

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Bayani

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai yi bayanin ma’anar mahawara a sarari, ya kuma ba da misalai masu sauƙi don ɗalibai su fahimta.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara da kyau, su yi tambayoyi idan ba su fahimta ba.

Learning Point: Ma’anar Mahawara

Step 3: Dabarun Gudanar da Mahawara

Time: 8 minutes

Teaching Skill: Nunawa/Bayani

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai lissafa tare da bayyana wa ɗalibai wasu dabarun gudanar da mahawara da aka ambata a cikin darasin. Zai iya nuna yadda ake amfani da su ta hanyar misalai.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara, su lura, kuma su maimaita wasu dabarun da malamin ya nuna.

Learning Point: Dabarun mahawara daban-daban

Step 4: Yadda Ake Shirya Hujjoji Kan Batu

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Jagoranci/Aikin Rukuni

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai jagoranci ɗalibai kan yadda za su iya shirya hujjoji masu sauƙi kan wani batu. Zai raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi, ya ba kowace ƙungiya batu mai sauƙi (misali: “Kifi ya fi kaza daɗi”) don su shirya hujjoji na goyon baya ko ƙin amincewa.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su shiga ƙungiyoyi, su tattauna, kuma su shirya hujjoji masu sauƙi kan batun da aka ba su.

Learning Point: Shirya hujjoji masu sauƙi

Step 5: Bambancin Hujjar Goyon Baya Da Ta Ƙin Amincewa

Time: 6 minutes

Teaching Skill: Bayani/Tattaunawa

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai bayyana bambanci tsakanin hujjar goyon baya da ta ƙin amincewa, ya kuma ba da misalai daga hujjojin da ɗaliban suka shirya a mataki na 4.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara, su fahimci bambancin, kuma su gano irin hujjojin da suka shirya.

Learning Point: Bambancin hujjoji

Step 6: Gabatar da Gajeren Mahawara

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Aikin Rukuni/Gabatarwa

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai zaɓi wasu ƙungiyoyi biyu, ɗaya mai goyon baya ɗaya mai ƙin amincewa, don su gabatar da gajeren mahawara kan batun da aka ba su a mataki na 4.

Pupils’ Activity: Ƙungiyoyin da aka zaɓa za su gabatar da hujjojinsu, sauran kuma za su saurara.

Learning Point: Gabatar da hujjoji

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Lissafa dabarun mahawara guda uku da ka koya.
2. Menene bambanci tsakanin hujjar goyon baya da ta ƙin amincewa?
3. Ka shirya hujja mai sauƙi kan batun “Karatun Hausa yana da muhimmanci.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Fahimtar dabarun mahawara

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai jagoranci ɗalibai su rubuta muhimman bayanai daga Board Summary a cikin littattafansu.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su rubuta bayanan darasin a cikin littattafansu.

Learning Point: Rubuta bayanan darasi

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes

Teaching Skill: Takaitawa

Teacher’s Activity: Malamin zai taƙaita darasin, ya sake jaddada muhimmancin dabarun mahawara da shirya hujjoji. Zai kuma ƙarfafa su su ci gaba da yin amfani da waɗannan dabarun a rayuwarsu.

Pupils’ Activity: Ɗalibai za su saurara kuma su yi sallama.

Learning Point: Kammala darasi

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework

Instruction: A gida, kowane ɗalibi ya zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan batutuwan, sannan ya shirya hujjoji guda biyu na goyon baya da guda biyu na ƙin amincewa a cikin littafinsa:

1. Makaranta ta fi gida daɗi.
2. Noma ya fi kasuwanci amfani.
3. Ruwan sama ya fi rana amfani.

Lesson Keywords

• Mahawara – Tattaunawa ce ta musamman da ake yi tsakanin mutane don kare ra’ayi ko ƙin amincewa da wani.
• Dabaru – Hanyoyi ko tsare-tsare da ake bi don gudanar da wani abu yadda ya kamata.
• Hujjoji – Dalilai ko shaidu da ake gabatarwa don tabbatar da gaskiyar wani abu ko ra’ayi.
• Goyon baya – Taimako ko yarda da wani ra’ayi ko matsayi.
• Ƙin amincewa – Rashin yarda ko kin karɓar wani ra’ayi ko matsayi.

Differentiation

Ga ɗalibai masu saurin fahimta, malamin zai iya ƙara musu batutuwan mahawara masu ɗan zurfi don su shirya hujjoji. Ga ɗalibai masu buƙatar taimako, malamin zai iya ba su batutuwa masu sauƙi sosai, ya kuma jagorance su mataki-mataki wajen shirya hujjojin, ko kuma ya ba su misalai da yawa.

Suggested Lesson Videos

Don ƙarin bayani, malamin zai iya neman bidiyoyi a YouTube ta hanyar bincika: yadda ake mahawara hausa primary 4

Teacher Guide for Using This Lesson Plan

Malamai su tabbatar sun fahimci ma’anar mahawara da dabarunta sosai kafin fara darasin. Ku shirya katunan batutuwan mahawara daban-daban da suka dace da matakin ɗaliban Firamare 4. Ku ba ɗalibai damar yin aikin rukuni don shirya hujjojinsu, ku kuma jagorance su wajen bambance tsakanin hujjojin goyon baya da na ƙin amincewa. Ku ƙarfafa su su yi amfani da harshe mai kyau da girmamawa yayin tattaunawa. A mataki na 8, ku jagoranci ɗalibai su rubuta bayanan darasin a cikin littattafansu a hankali. Ku tabbatar kowane ɗalibi ya fahimci darasin kafin a kammala.