Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS2, JSS 2)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 9
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Cultural And Creative Arts
Curriculum Theme: Cultural And Creative Arts
Previous Lesson: Music Practices – Listening and Popular Nigerian Music
Topic: Musical Styles
Subject Matter: Examples of musical styles – African, Western. Instruments used in playing music.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Define musical styles and identify different examples of African and Western musical styles.
(b) Explain the types of instruments used in African and Western music.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate and respect various musical styles and cultures.
(b) Show interest in listening to and learning about different types of music.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate playing simple rhythms using percussion or melodic instruments.
(b) Participate in group performance of selected musical pieces.
Social Domain:
(a) Collaborate with peers during musical activities and group presentations.
(b) Respect the contributions of others during music-making sessions.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary Schools
Online Information from: “Encyclopaedia Britannica – Musical Styles” [https://www.britannica.com/art/music]
Online Information from: “Music Theory – Types of Musical Styles” [https://www.musictheory.net/lessons/25]
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Audio recordings of African and Western music
Musical instruments (drums, xylophones, guitars, keyboards, flutes)
Flashcards with pictures of musical instruments
Whiteboard and markers
Multimedia projector or laptop for demonstration
Handouts showing types of musical styles

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand and appreciate diverse musical styles, fostering cultural awareness and practical music skills.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have basic knowledge of music, including rhythm, melody, and simple instrument handling from previous lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Musical Styles

African Musical Styles

African music is traditional music originating from different ethnic groups across the continent. It is characterized by rhythm, call-and-response patterns, and use of indigenous instruments.

The following are common African musical styles:

Highlife
Juju
Afrobeat
Fuji
Traditional folk music

Western Musical Styles

Western music originates from Europe and the Americas and includes classical and contemporary genres. It is often structured with harmony, melody, and notation.

These include:

Classical
Jazz
Rock
Pop
Hip-hop

Instruments Used in Music

Musical instruments are tools used to produce sound. They are grouped into categories such as percussion, string, and wind instruments.

Examples are:

African drums, xylophones, thumb pianos
Guitar, piano, violin, trumpet
Modern electronic instruments like keyboards and synthesizers

Differences Between African and Western Music

African music focuses on rhythm and community participation, while Western music emphasizes harmony and written notation.

They are:

African music uses more polyrhythms; Western music uses harmonic progressions.
African music is largely oral; Western music is often written.
Instruments differ in design and sound production.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Storytelling, Explanation, Visual Aids, Group Work, Demonstration

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Greet pupils, recap previous lesson on basic music concepts, ask pupils to mention music they know.
Pupils’ Activity: Respond to questions, recall previous music topics.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared and motivated to learn about musical styles.

Step 2: Definition of Musical Styles

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Define musical styles and introduce African and Western styles.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the meaning of musical styles.

Step 3: Examples of African and Western Musical Styles

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Present examples using audio recordings and pictures; explain characteristics of each style.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen, identify styles, ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and differentiate musical styles.

Step 4: Musical Instruments

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Show different instruments, demonstrate simple sounds and rhythms.
Pupils’ Activity: Observe and attempt to play instruments.
Learning Point: Pupils know examples and use of musical instruments.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Writing
Teacher’s Activity: Encourage pupils to summarize musical styles and instruments in their notebooks.
Pupils’ Activity: Write notes.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate learning in written form.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define musical styles.
Name three African musical styles.
Name two Western musical styles.
Give examples of musical instruments.
State one difference between African and Western music.
Pupils’ Activity: Answer questions orally or in writing.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of lesson objectives.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Summarize key points and encourage pupils to listen to different music at home.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen and ask questions if any.
Learning Point: Lesson is reinforced and learning outcomes are achieved.

Lesson Keywords

Musical Styles – Types of music with distinct characteristics
African Music – Music originating from African cultures
Western Music – Music from Europe and the Americas
Instruments – Tools used to produce music
Rhythm – Pattern of beats in music
Melody – Sequence of musical notes forming a tune

Differentiation

Use visual aids and hands-on instrument demonstrations to cater for varied learning abilities. Provide extra support for slow learners and challenge advanced pupils with additional musical examples.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils actively participate in listening and performing activities; link lesson to cultural appreciation; use simple instruments for demonstrations.