Class: Primary 1
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 10
Age: 6 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Measurement
Previous Lesson: Weight, Concept of Weight.
Topic: Time
Subject Matter: Concept and unit of time, Identifying activities suitable for different times of the day, Days when certain activities are taken, Telling time in O’ Clock and half-past format.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Identify the hour and minute hands of a clock.
State activities suitable for morning, afternoon, and evening.
Explain the meaning of “today” and “yesterday”.
Read and tell time in O’clock format.
Read and tell time in half-past format.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of time in daily life.
Value punctuality in their activities.

Psychomotor Domain:

Draw simple clock faces showing O’clock and half-past times.
Move the hands of a model clock to show specific times.

Collaborate with peers to identify daily activities and their corresponding times.
Participate in a drama demonstrating time-related events.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Primary Mathematics for Nigerian Schools, Book 1
Wall clock or model clock
Pictures showing daily activities

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A real wall clock or a large model clock.
Flashcards with different times (e.g., 7 O’clock, 6:30).
Pictures illustrating activities done at different times of the day (e.g., brushing teeth in the morning, sleeping at night).
Chart showing “today” and “yesterday”.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the concept of time, which is fundamental to organizing their daily routines and understanding sequences of events. It enables them to recognize and state times for various activities, fostering a sense of order and punctuality in their lives.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can count numbers from 1 to 12 and identify basic daily routines like eating and sleeping.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Time

Concept and Unit of Time

Time helps us know when to do things, like when to wake up, go to school, or play. The main units of time we use are hours and minutes.

Hour: A longer period of time. There are 24 hours in a day.
Minute: A shorter period of time. There are 60 minutes in one hour.

Activities Suitable for Different Times of the Day

Our day is divided into different parts, and we do different things in each part.

Morning: Waking up, brushing teeth, eating breakfast, going to school.
Afternoon: Having lunch, playing, doing homework.
Evening/Night: Eating dinner, reading stories, sleeping.

Days When Certain Activities Are Taken

We use words like “today” and “yesterday” to talk about days.

Today: This is the current day we are in.
Yesterday: This is the day before today.

Telling Time in O’ Clock and Half-Past Format

A clock has two main hands:

Hour Hand (Short hand): Points to the hour.
Minute Hand (Long hand): Points to the minutes.

Telling Time in O’ Clock

When the minute hand points to 12, it is O’clock. The hour hand tells us the hour.

Example 1: 7 O’clock

Step 1: The minute hand (long) points to 12.

Step 2: The hour hand (short) points to 7.

This means it is 7 O’clock.

(Teacher will draw a clock face on the board showing 7 O’clock)

Telling Time in Half-Past

When the minute hand points to 6, it is half-past the hour. This means 30 minutes have passed since the hour.

Example 2: 6:30 (Half-past six)

Step 1: The minute hand (long) points to 6.

Step 2: The hour hand (short) points halfway between 6 and 7.

This means it is half-past six or 6:30.

(Teacher will draw a clock face on the board showing 6:30)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson, and asks pupils what they do in the morning before school. The teacher then introduces the topic “Time” and its importance.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall the previous lesson, and share their morning routines.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and connect it to their daily lives.

Step 2: Concept and Unit of Time

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what time is and introduces the units of hour and minute using a model clock. The teacher points out the hour and minute hands.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, observe the clock hands, and repeat the names of the units.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the basic concept of time and its units.

Step 3: Activities for Different Times of the Day

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Visual Aids
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows pictures of various activities and asks pupils to identify if they are done in the morning, afternoon, or evening. The teacher guides a discussion on typical routines.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify activities from pictures and discuss when they perform their own daily routines.
Learning Point: Pupils can associate specific activities with different parts of the day.

Step 4: Days When Certain Activities Are Taken

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the terms “today” and “yesterday” with simple examples related to school activities. For instance, “Today we are learning about time. Yesterday, we learned about Weight, Concept of Weight.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and give their own simple examples of activities done today and yesterday.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the difference between “today” and “yesterday”.

Step 5: Telling Time in O’ Clock Format

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to tell time in O’clock format using the model clock. The teacher moves the hands to show various O’clock times (e.g., 1 O’clock, 4 O’clock, 10 O’clock) and asks pupils to read them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the clock, identify the hour and minute hands, and practice reading O’clock times.
Learning Point: Pupils can correctly read and state time in O’clock format.

Step 6: Telling Time in Half-Past Format

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to tell time in half-past format using the model clock, emphasizing that the minute hand points to 6 and the hour hand is between two numbers. The teacher shows examples like 6:30 and 1:30.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and practice reading half-past times, identifying the positions of both hands.
Learning Point: Pupils can correctly read and state time in half-past format.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What are the two main hands of a clock called?
Mention two activities you do in the morning.
If the minute hand is on 12 and the hour hand is on 9, what time is it?
If the minute hand is on 6 and the hour hand is between 2 and 3, what time is it?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson by reiterating the importance of time and how to tell O’clock and half-past times. The teacher assigns homework, asking pupils to draw a clock showing 3 O’clock and another showing 5:30.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and apply it through homework.

Home Task: Solve two new exercises on Time. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

Time – A period during which something exists, happens, or continues.
Clock – An instrument that shows what time it is.
Hour Hand – The short hand on a clock that points to the hour.
Minute Hand – The long hand on a clock that points to the minutes.
O’clock – Used to express the hour when the minutes are zero (e.g., 7 O’clock).
Half-past – Thirty minutes past the hour (e.g., half-past six means 6:30).
Morning – The first part of the day, from sunrise to noon.
Afternoon – The part of the day between noon and evening.
Evening – The end of the day and early part of the night.
Today – The current day.
Yesterday – The day before today.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can introduce quarter-past or quarter-to times. For those who need more support, the teacher will provide individual attention, use more visual aids, and focus mainly on O’clock times with repeated practice.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure to use a large, clear model clock with movable hands for effective demonstration. Encourage pupils to relate the time concepts to their personal daily schedules. Hands-on activities and role-playing can enhance understanding for this age group.