Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 5
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Garment Making
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Elements Of Design.
Topic: IMPORTANCE OF COLOUR
Subject Matter: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Colours, Qualities of Colour, Classes of Colour, Colour and Complexion

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define primary, secondary, and tertiary colours.
State the qualities of colour.
Identify different classes of colour.
Explain the importance of colour in garment making.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the role of colour in enhancing garment appearance.
Show interest in selecting appropriate colours for different purposes.

Psychomotor Domain:

Categorise colours into primary, secondary, and tertiary groups.
Select suitable colours for various complexions.

Discuss colour choices respectfully with peers.
Collaborate in identifying complementary colour schemes.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Home Economics.
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary Schools.
Garment Making for Senior Secondary Schools by E. O. Okoro.
https://www.textilefashionstudy.com/2021/08/basic-color-theory-for-fashion-design.html
https://www.jessicajonesdesign.com/blog/2020/7/24/the-importance-of-color-in-fashion

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A colour wheel
A colour triangle
Fabric swatches of various colours
Charts showing different complexions

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding colour is important for pupils as it helps them make informed choices when designing and creating garments. This knowledge enables them to combine colours effectively, creating visually appealing items that suit different individuals and occasions.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of different colours and their names from their earlier classes.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

IMPORTANCE OF COLOUR

Introduction to Colour

Colour is an important element in garment making and fashion. It affects how a garment looks and feels, and how it is perceived by others. Choosing the right colours can enhance the beauty of a design.

Importance of Colour in Garment Making

The following are reasons why colour is important in garment making:

It adds beauty and appeal to a garment.
It helps to express mood and personality.
It can create illusions, such as making a person appear slimmer or broader.
It helps to identify different styles and trends.
It can signify cultural meanings or occasions.

Primary Colours

Primary colours are the basic colours from which all other colours are mixed. They cannot be created by mixing other colours.

The primary colours are:

Red
Yellow
Blue

Secondary Colours

Secondary colours are formed by mixing two primary colours in equal proportions.

The secondary colours are:

Orange (Red + Yellow)
Green (Yellow + Blue)
Violet (Blue + Red)

Tertiary Colours

Tertiary colours are created by mixing a primary colour with an adjacent secondary colour.

The tertiary colours are:

Red-Orange
Yellow-Orange
Yellow-Green
Blue-Green
Blue-Violet
Red-Violet

Qualities of Colour

The following are the main qualities of colour:

Hue: This is the pure name of the colour, such as red, blue, or green.
Value: This refers to the lightness or darkness of a colour. A light value is called a tint (added white), and a dark value is called a shade (added black).
Chroma/Intensity: This describes the brightness or dullness of a colour. High chroma colours are bright, while low chroma colours are dull.

Classes of Colour

Colours can be broadly grouped into classes based on their visual effect:

Warm Colours: These colours are associated with heat and energy. They tend to advance and make objects appear larger. Examples include red, orange, and yellow.
Cool Colours: These colours are associated with water and nature. They tend to recede and make objects appear smaller. Examples include blue, green, and violet.
Neutral Colours: These colours do not belong to warm or cool categories but can be combined with almost any colour. Examples include black, white, grey, brown, and beige.

Colour and Complexion

Matching colours to an individual’s complexion helps to enhance their appearance. Different complexions benefit from different colour palettes.

The following are general guidelines for matching colour to complexion:

Dark Complexion: Bright and vibrant colours, as well as warm colours like gold, orange, and red, often complement dark skin tones.
Fair Complexion: Pastel shades, cool colours like blues, greens, and soft pinks, and neutral colours often look good on fair skin.
Medium Complexion: Most colours work well with medium complexions, but earthy tones, jewel tones, and medium blues and greens are often very flattering.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them about their favourite colours. The teacher then asks why they think colour is important in clothing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and share their thoughts on the importance of colour.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the concept of colour in garment making.

Step 2: Importance of Colour

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Lecture
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the general importance of colour in garment making, highlighting its role in aesthetics, expression, and illusion, using the board summary.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand why colour is important in clothing.

Step 3: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Colours

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses a colour wheel and colour triangle to demonstrate primary, secondary, and tertiary colours, explaining how each is formed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration, identify the different colours, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary colours.

Step 4: Qualities of Colour

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the three main qualities of colour: hue, value, and chroma, providing examples for each using fabric swatches.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification, making notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the terms hue, value, and chroma.

Step 5: Classes of Colour

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Categorisation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses warm, cool, and neutral colours, explaining their characteristics and effects, and shows examples using coloured materials.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify examples of warm, cool, and neutral colours from the provided materials.
Learning Point: Pupils can classify colours into warm, cool, and neutral categories.

Step 6: Colour and Complexion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to match colours to different complexions, using charts or pictures to illustrate. The teacher gives examples of colours that flatter various skin tones.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils discuss and suggest suitable colours for different complexions.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to select colours that complement various complexions.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define primary and secondary colours.
List the three primary colours.
Mention two qualities of colour.
State two reasons why colour is important in garment making.
Suggest colours that would flatter a fair complexion.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarisation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the key points of the lesson, reinforcing the importance of understanding colour in garment making. The teacher also gives homework: “Draw a colour wheel and label the primary, secondary, and tertiary colours.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further study.

Lesson Keywords

Primary Colours – Basic colours (red, yellow, blue) from which all other colours are mixed.
Secondary Colours – Colours formed by mixing two primary colours (orange, green, violet).
Tertiary Colours – Colours formed by mixing a primary and an adjacent secondary colour.
Hue – The pure name of a colour.
Value – The lightness or darkness of a colour.
Chroma – The brightness or dullness of a colour.
Warm Colours – Colours like red, orange, yellow that evoke feelings of heat.
Cool Colours – Colours like blue, green, violet that evoke feelings of calmness.
Complexion – The natural colour or appearance of a person’s skin.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, they can be challenged to identify analogous and complementary colour schemes. For those who need more support, the teacher will provide additional visual aids and simplified explanations of colour mixing and matching.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Encourage pupils to bring fabric scraps of various colours from home for practical colour identification and matching exercises. Emphasise the practical application of colour theory in everyday fashion choices and garment creation.