Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: Third Term
Week: 2
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Garment Making
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Facing And Interfacings: Types And Functions.
Topic: FACING EDGES
Subject Matter: Shaped edges, Straight edges, Scalloped edges, Attachment procedures

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define facing edges.
Identify different types of facing edges.
State the general steps for attaching facings.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of neatly finished edges in garment construction.
Show interest in learning different facing techniques.

Psychomotor Domain:

Select appropriate fabrics and tools for facing.
Demonstrate the attachment of a straight facing.
Demonstrate the attachment of a shaped facing.
Demonstrate the attachment of a scalloped facing.

Collaborate with peers in practicing facing techniques.
Share instructional materials responsibly.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Home Economics (Senior Secondary).
State Unified Scheme of Work for Garment Making (SSS 1).
Akanbi, T. (2018). Clothing and Textile for Senior Secondary Schools Book 1. University Press PLC.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Various fabric scraps.
Sewing machine.
Hand sewing needles and thread.
Scissors.
Pins.
Iron and ironing board.
Samples of garments or fabric pieces with straight, shaped, and scalloped facings.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to create neat and durable finishes on garment edges. Learning facing techniques is important for producing professional-looking garments and enhancing their overall quality and appearance.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of sewing tools and equipment, and can perform simple hand and machine stitches.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

FACING EDGES

Definition of Facing

A facing is a piece of fabric used to finish the raw edges of a garment, such as necklines, armholes, or hemlines. It is cut in the same shape as the edge it finishes and is usually sewn to the garment and then turned to the inside.

Importance of Facings

Facings are important for the following reasons:

They provide a neat and clean finish to raw edges.
They add strength and durability to garment edges.
They help to maintain the shape of the garment edge.
They prevent fraying of fabric edges.
They give a professional appearance to the finished garment.

Types of Facings

The following are common types of facings:

Straight Facing: Used for straight edges like waistbands, lower edges of sleeves, or straight hems.
Shaped Facing: Used for curved or irregular edges such as necklines, armholes, or curved hemlines. It is cut to exactly match the shape of the edge it finishes.
Scalloped Facing: A decorative facing used to finish edges with a series of continuous curves (scallops).

General Steps for Attaching Facings

The general steps for attaching facings are:

Prepare the garment edge and the facing piece.
Place the facing and garment right sides together, matching edges and notches.
Pin the facing to the garment edge.
Stitch the facing to the garment along the seam line.
Trim the seam allowance, clip curves, or notch corners as needed.
Understitch the facing to the seam allowance (for shaped and curved edges).
Turn the facing to the inside of the garment and press neatly.
Secure the facing to the garment by tacking, machine stitching, or fusing.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them about different ways to finish raw edges of fabrics or garments they have seen, such as turning up a hem or using bias binding. The teacher then introduces facing as another important method for neat finishing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and share their knowledge of finishing techniques.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge related to garment finishing and are introduced to the concept of facing.

Step 2: Presentation of Topic and Objectives

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Introduction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes the topic “FACING EDGES” on the board and states the lesson objectives clearly. The teacher explains that by the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to define, identify, and attach different types of facings.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and copy the topic into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the focus and expected outcomes of the lesson.

Step 3: Explanation of Facing and its Importance

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines facing, using samples to illustrate. The teacher then discusses why facings are important in garment making, emphasizing neatness, durability, and professional finish. The teacher encourages pupils to contribute their ideas.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions for clarification, and contribute to the discussion on the importance of facings.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what a facing is and why it is used in garment construction.

Step 4: Types of Facings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains and shows examples of straight, shaped, and scalloped facings. The teacher highlights where each type of facing is commonly used in garments.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the samples, differentiate between the types of facings, and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and distinguish between different types of facings.

Step 5: Demonstration of Attachment Procedures

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modelling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the general steps for attaching facings, focusing on a straight or shaped facing first. The teacher explains each step clearly, from preparing the fabric to securing the facing, using appropriate tools and materials. The teacher also briefly explains the unique aspects of attaching scalloped facings.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully, paying attention to the teacher’s actions and explanations. They may ask questions for better understanding.
Learning Point: Pupils observe the practical application of facing attachment techniques.

Step 6: Supervised Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Coaching/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher distributes fabric scraps and tools to pupils. The teacher guides pupils as they attempt to attach a simple straight or shaped facing, providing assistance and correction where needed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice attaching a facing on their fabric scraps, applying the steps demonstrated by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils gain hands-on experience in attaching facings.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is a facing in garment making?
Mention two reasons why facings are important.
List three types of facings.
State any two steps involved in attaching a facing.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the definition, types, and importance of facings. The teacher encourages pupils to practice these techniques at home.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and note down any homework or practice assignments.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding of the lesson.

Lesson Keywords

Facing – A piece of fabric used to finish a raw edge of a garment.
Straight facing – A facing used for straight edges.
Shaped facing – A facing cut to match the curve of a shaped edge.
Scalloped facing – A decorative facing used for edges with continuous curves.
Understitching – Stitching the facing to the seam allowance to prevent the facing from rolling to the outside.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp the concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to try attaching a facing to a more complex curve or to attempt a scalloped edge. For pupils needing more support, the teacher will provide closer supervision during practical work, offer simplified fabric pieces for practice, and repeat explanations or demonstrations as necessary.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all necessary instructional materials are ready before the lesson, especially fabric scraps for practical work. Provide clear, step-by-step demonstrations and allow ample time for pupils to practice. Emphasize the importance of pressing at each stage for a professional finish. Encourage pupils to bring their own sewing tools if possible to foster responsibility.