Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 2
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Visual Art
Curriculum Theme: Visual Art
Previous Lesson: .
Topic: Drawing
Subject Matter: Functions of drawing, describing forms through drawing, showing texture in drawing, drawing shapes, composition using lines, observing lines in natural and man-made objects

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

State the meaning of drawing.
List functions of drawing.
Explain how drawing can describe forms.
Identify ways of showing texture in drawing.
State how composition can be created using lines.

Affective Domain:

Show interest in observing objects carefully before drawing.
Appreciate neat drawings that show correct form and texture.
Demonstrate patience and focus during observation and practice.

Psychomotor Domain:

Draw basic shapes neatly using correct lines.
Sketch a simple object showing form using light and dark lines.
Apply simple line techniques to show texture on a drawing.

Work in pairs to identify lines in natural and man-made objects.
Share drawing materials and work space responsibly.
Discuss and compare drawings and give simple feedback politely.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Recommended textbook on Fine Art/Visual Art for Senior Secondary Schools
The Met: Drawing
Tate: Drawing
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Drawing

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Samples of natural objects (leaf, stone, fruit, shell)
Samples of man-made objects (cup, bottle, chair, ruler)
Shapes cut-outs or pictures of basic shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle)
Drawing paper or sketch pads
Pencils, erasers, sharpeners
Illustrative pictures showing texture lines (optional)

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand why drawing is used in art, design, and everyday planning. It also builds skills in observing objects and using lines to show shape, form, and texture in drawings.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have practised line types and simple object construction using lines from the previous lesson.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

DRAWING

Meaning of Drawing

Drawing is the art of making pictures by using lines, marks, and shading to represent objects, ideas, or forms on a surface.

Functions of Drawing

The following are functions of drawing:

Planning artworks before painting or final design
Recording observations of objects and events
Communicating ideas in design, architecture, and engineering
Illustrating books, posters, and magazines
Improving observation and hand control skills

Describing Forms Through Drawing

Form means the three-dimensional appearance of an object, such as roundness, thickness, and depth.

The following are ways drawing can describe form:

Using light and shade to show highlights and shadows
Using outlines to show edges and boundaries
Using perspective to show depth and distance
Using overlapping shapes to show which object is in front

Showing Texture in Drawing

Texture is the surface quality of an object, such as rough, smooth, soft, or hard.

The following are ways to show texture in drawing:

Hatching (parallel lines placed close together)
Cross-hatching (intersecting lines)
Stippling (dots to build tone and texture)
Short broken lines for rough surfaces
Smooth shading for smooth surfaces

Drawing Shapes

Shapes are flat forms created by lines and they are used as the foundation of many drawings.

The following are common shapes used in drawing:

Circle
Square
Triangle
Rectangle
Oval

Composition Using Lines

Composition is the arrangement of parts of a drawing to make it clear and balanced.

The following are ways lines help composition:

Leading the viewer’s eye to the main subject
Creating balance through equal distribution of lines
Creating rhythm by repeating line patterns
Creating contrast by mixing thick and thin lines
Dividing space to organise objects on the page

Observing Lines in Natural and Man-Made Objects

Lines are seen in natural objects and man-made objects as edges, veins, cracks, folds, and outlines.

The following are examples of lines seen in objects:

Leaf veins and stems (natural)
Tree bark cracks and branches (natural)
Edges of tables, books, and rulers (man-made)
Curves of bottles, cups, and plates (man-made)
Patterns on fabrics and tiles (man-made)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a natural object and a man-made object and asks pupils to point out visible lines and shapes, then introduces drawing as representing what is seen using lines.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the objects and mention edges, curves, and patterns they can see.
Learning Point: Drawing starts with careful observation of lines and shapes in objects.

Step 2: Meaning of Drawing and Functions of Drawing

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines drawing and lists the functions of drawing on the board, explaining each briefly with simple examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes and mention areas where drawing is used in daily life and school work.
Learning Point: Drawing is used to record, plan, communicate ideas, and improve observation skills.

Step 3: Describing Form Through Drawing

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to make a simple sphere or cylinder look three-dimensional using light and shade and clear outlines.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practise drawing a simple form (ball or cup) and add light and shadow areas lightly.
Learning Point: Light and shade help to show form and depth in drawing.

Step 4: Showing Texture in Drawing

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates simple texture methods such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling on the board and links them to real surfaces like leaf and bark.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practise each texture method in small boxes on their paper and label them.
Learning Point: Texture can be shown with special line patterns and shading methods.

Step 5: Drawing Shapes and Simple Composition Using Lines

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to draw basic shapes and arrange them to form a simple object composition (e.g., bottle made from rectangle and oval, chair made from rectangles and lines).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils draw shapes and arrange them to form a simple composition on the page.
Learning Point: Shapes and lines can be arranged to form clear drawings and balanced composition.

Step 6: Observation Exercise with Natural and Man-Made Objects

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Observation/Supervision
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a short observation exercise, asking pupils to identify and sketch lines seen in selected objects and to include one texture effect where possible.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe objects, identify lines, and sketch one object showing shape and simple texture lines.
Learning Point: Observation improves accuracy in drawing shapes, lines, and textures.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define drawing.
List four functions of drawing.
State three ways drawing can describe form.
Mention three methods of showing texture in drawing.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summary
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson, checks a few pupils’ sketches, and gives an assignment to draw one natural object and one man-made object showing at least one texture effect.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils submit classwork for checking and write the assignment in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Drawing uses lines, shapes, and texture to represent objects and ideas clearly.

Lesson Keywords

Drawing – Making pictures with lines, marks, and shading to represent objects or ideas.
Form – The three-dimensional appearance of an object showing depth and thickness.
Texture – The surface quality of an object such as rough or smooth.
Hatching – Parallel lines used to show tone and texture.
Cross-hatching – Intersecting lines used to build darker tone and texture.
Stippling – Using dots to create tone and texture.
Composition – Arrangement of parts of a drawing to make it balanced and clear.

Differentiation

Pupils who learn faster will produce a more detailed sketch with better shading and texture, while pupils who need support will focus on accurate shapes, clear outlines, and one simple texture method with guided help.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Use objects that are easy to observe within the classroom and ensure pupils sit where they can see clearly. Emphasize light pencil work for guide lines and encourage neat labelling of texture methods and shapes during practice.