Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Business Studies
Curriculum Theme: Business Studies
Previous Lesson: Division of Commerce, Home and
Topic: Production
Subject Matter: Meaning of Production, Types of Production, Effect of Production on Environment/Society

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) State the meaning of production.
(b) Identify and explain the major types of production.
(c) Describe the effects of production on the environment and society.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show appreciation of the role of production in meeting human needs.
(b) Develop a positive attitude towards protecting the environment during production activities.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Classify given examples of products into their correct type of production.
(b) Draw simple illustrations showing examples of production activities.
Social Domain:
(a) Work collaboratively in groups to discuss how production affects their community.
(b) Share ideas on how to reduce the negative effects of production.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Corporate Finance Institute – “What is Production?” (https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/production/)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing goods and services produced in Nigeria
Samples of finished goods (e.g., books, soap, bottled water)
Pictures of production processes (farming, factories, services)
Whiteboard and markers
Flashcards categorizing different types of production

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson introduces students to the concept and types of production, helping them understand its importance and how it affects the environment and society.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils already know about human wants and the need for goods and services, which prepares them to understand how production provides for these needs.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Production

Production is the process of creating goods and services to satisfy human wants. It involves all activities that make goods available for use or provide services that meet people’s needs.

Types of Production

There are three main types of production. Each type focuses on meeting human needs in different ways.

The following are the types of production:

Primary Production – Involves the extraction of raw materials from nature. Examples include farming, fishing, mining, and forestry.
Secondary Production – Involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods. Examples include textile making, bread baking, furniture making, and car assembly.
Tertiary Production – Involves providing services to support production and consumption. Examples include banking, teaching, transport, health services, and insurance.

Effect of Production on Environment/Society

Production has both positive and negative effects on the society and the environment. It creates wealth and jobs but may also harm the environment if not properly managed.

The following are the effects of production on environment and society:

Provides goods and services to satisfy human needs.
Creates job opportunities and reduces unemployment.
Increases government revenue through taxes.
Encourages development of technology and industries.
Leads to environmental pollution through waste, smoke, and chemicals.
Can cause depletion of natural resources like forests and minerals.
May lead to climate change due to industrial emissions.
Contributes to social development by improving the standard of living.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Group Work, Use of Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils about products they use daily, such as food, clothes, or services, and how they think these products come about.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond with answers like farming, factory work, or services.
Learning Point: Pupils become motivated to learn about production.

Step 2: Explanation of Production

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of production and writes it on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe, and copy notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what production means.

Step 3: Types of Production

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the three types of production using charts, examples, and illustrations.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils classify examples into primary, secondary, or tertiary production.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to identify the different types of production.

Step 4: Effects of Production on Environment/Society

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses positive and negative effects of production on society and the environment.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils discuss examples from their community.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how production impacts people and the environment.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes into their books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define production.
List and explain the three types of production.
Mention two positive and two negative effects of production on society.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes key points and encourages pupils to observe how production affects their lives.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of production.

Home Task: Give three correct examples of Production and explain what each example shows.

Lesson Keywords

Production – the process of creating goods and services
Primary Production – extraction of raw materials from nature
Secondary Production – processing raw materials into finished goods
Tertiary Production – activities that provide services to people
Pollution – harmful changes in the environment caused by human activities

Differentiation

Teacher supports slower learners with real-life examples and visual aids, while advanced learners explain or give more examples of production in class.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils can relate examples of production to their everyday life. Emphasize both the positive and negative effects of production for balanced understanding.