Data Presentation, Tally, Bar Graph, Pictogram and Pie Chart for Primary 5

Class: Primary 5
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 6
Age: 10 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: General Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Nil
Previous Lesson: Circle, Parts, Measuring Radius and Diameter and Their Relationship.
Topic: DATA PRESENTATION
Subject Matter: Preparing tally from a given pictogram, drawing bar graph and pictogram from locally collected information, drawing and reading a pie chart, representing data on bar graph and pictogram, quantitative aptitude on data presentation

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Define data presentation.
• Explain the purpose of tally marks.
• Describe bar graphs, pictograms, and pie charts.
• Interpret simple data presented in various graphical forms.
• Solve basic quantitative aptitude problems related to data presentation.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the importance of clear data presentation in daily life.
• Develop an interest in analyzing and understanding information presented graphically.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Prepare tally marks from given information.
• Draw simple bar graphs and pictograms from collected data.
• Draw and read simple pie charts.
• Represent given data accurately on bar graphs and pictograms.

Social Domain:

• Work cooperatively when collecting and representing data.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Primary Mathematics)
• State Unified Scheme of Work for Primary 5 Mathematics
• New General Mathematics for Primary Schools 5
• https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/data-graph.html
• https://byjus.com/maths/data-handling-for-kids/

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Chart showing examples of tally marks, bar graphs, pictograms, and pie charts.
• Flash cards with simple data sets.
• Posters displaying different types of graphs.
• Quantitative aptitude workbook.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to organize and display information visually, making it easier to understand. This skill is important for interpreting information from newspapers, reports, and other sources in their daily lives.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can count, identify numbers, and perform basic addition and subtraction.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

DATA PRESENTATION

What is Data Presentation?

Data presentation is the way information (data) is organized and displayed so that it can be easily understood and analyzed. It helps us to make sense of numbers and facts.

1. Tally Marks

Tally marks are a quick way to count and record data. Each vertical line represents one item, and the fifth line is drawn diagonally across the previous four to make a group of five.

Example: If 12 pupils chose mango as their favorite fruit, it would be represented as: |||| |||| ||

2. Pictograms (Picture Graphs)

A pictogram uses pictures or symbols to represent data. Each picture or symbol stands for a certain number of items, as shown in a key.

Steps for Drawing a Pictogram:

• Choose a suitable symbol or picture to represent the data.
• Decide on a key (what each symbol represents, e.g., 1 apple symbol = 5 apples).
• Draw the correct number of symbols for each category.
• Give the pictogram a clear title.

Example: If a key states 1 car symbol = 10 cars, then 3 car symbols represent 30 cars.

3. Bar Graphs

A bar graph uses rectangular bars to show data. The length or height of each bar represents the quantity of a category. Bars can be drawn vertically or horizontally.

Steps for Drawing a Bar Graph:

• Draw two axes (horizontal and vertical).
• Label the axes (e.g., categories on the horizontal axis, numbers/frequency on the vertical axis).
• Choose an appropriate scale for the number axis.
• Draw bars of equal width, with spaces between them, to the correct height/length.
• Give the bar graph a clear title.

Example: A bar graph can show the number of pupils who prefer different subjects, with the height of each bar showing the number of pupils.

4. Pie Charts

A pie chart is a circular graph divided into sectors (slices), where each sector represents a proportion of the whole. The size of each slice shows how much of the total it represents.

Reading a Pie Chart:

• Look at the title to understand what the chart is about.
• Identify the different categories represented by each slice.
• Compare the sizes of the slices to understand the proportions. A larger slice means a larger share or quantity.

NOTE: For Primary 5, we focus on reading and understanding the concept of parts of a whole rather than complex drawing calculations.

5. Representing Data on Bar Graph and Pictogram

To represent data, first organize it (e.g., using tally marks), then choose the appropriate graph (bar graph or pictogram) and follow the specific steps for drawing that graph.

6. Quantitative Aptitude on Data Presentation

This involves solving problems by interpreting data presented in various forms (tally, pictograms, bar graphs, pie charts). Questions often ask to find totals, differences, or specific values from the given data.

Example: If a bar graph shows 20 pupils like apples and 15 like oranges, a quantitative aptitude question might ask: “How many more pupils like apples than oranges?” (Answer: 20 – 15 = 5 pupils).

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils how they keep track of things like scores in a game or the number of different types of fruits they have. The teacher then introduces the idea of organizing and showing this information clearly.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and share their ideas.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the concept of data and its presentation.

Step 2: Explanation of Tally Marks

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what tally marks are and demonstrates how to use them to count items, emphasizing the grouping of five. The teacher provides a simple data set (e.g., number of boys and girls in class) and guides pupils to represent it using tally marks.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the demonstration, and practice drawing tally marks for the given data.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to use tally marks to record data efficiently.

Step 3: Introduction to Pictograms and Bar Graphs

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains pictograms, showing examples on a chart and highlighting the use of a key. The teacher then explains bar graphs, showing examples of both vertical and horizontal types, explaining axes and scales. The teacher guides pupils through drawing a simple pictogram and bar graph from a data set (e.g., favorite colors of 20 pupils).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the examples, ask questions, and follow the teacher’s guidance to draw simple graphs.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can draw basic pictograms and bar graphs.

Step 4: Introduction to Pie Charts

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Visualisation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows a pie chart on a chart or poster, explaining that it represents parts of a whole. The teacher guides pupils on how to read information from a given pie chart, focusing on comparing the sizes of the slices.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pie chart, listen to the explanation, and practice reading information from it.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to read and interpret information from a pie chart.

Step 5: Representing and Reading Data

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practical Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher provides a small data set (e.g., number of different animals seen on a farm) and guides pupils to choose an appropriate graph (pictogram or bar graph) to represent it. The teacher also provides a simple graph and asks pupils to extract specific information from it.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils work individually or in pairs to represent the data and answer questions based on a given graph.
Learning Point: Pupils practice representing data and reading information from graphs.

Step 6: Quantitative Aptitude on Data

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Problem-Solving
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces quantitative aptitude problems related to data presentation from the workbook or flashcards. These problems will require pupils to use the data from graphs to calculate totals, differences, or identify specific categories.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils attempt to solve the quantitative aptitude problems.
Learning Point: Pupils develop skills in solving problems by interpreting presented data.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. What is data presentation?
2. How do you make tally marks for the number 17?
3. Mention two types of graphs used for data presentation.
4. Explain what a key in a pictogram helps us to understand.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the main points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of clear data presentation. The teacher assigns homework which includes drawing a bar graph from a given data set.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils recap the lesson and receive homework.

Home Task: Solve three new exercises on DATA PRESENTATION. Show each step and check each answer.

Lesson Keywords

• Data – Facts or information collected for analysis.
• Tally Marks – A method of counting using vertical lines, with the fifth line crossing four.
• Pictogram – A graph that uses pictures or symbols to represent data.
• Bar Graph – A graph that uses rectangular bars to show data.
• Pie Chart – A circular graph divided into slices representing proportions of a whole.
• Key – An explanation of the symbols used in a graph.

Differentiation

For pupils who are struggling, the teacher will provide simpler data sets and more direct guidance in drawing tally marks and basic graphs. For advanced pupils, the teacher will provide more complex data sets or ask them to create their own data and present it in different graphical forms, including more challenging quantitative aptitude problems.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that pupils understand the concept of scale when drawing bar graphs. Emphasize that for Primary 5, drawing a pie chart involves understanding how parts make a whole, rather than calculating angles. Encourage pupils to collect simple data from their immediate environment (e.g., favorite snacks, number of siblings) to make the lesson more practical and engaging.