Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Technology
Previous Lesson: Care of Drawing Instruments
Topic: Board Practice
Subject Matter: Setting drawing paper on the drawing board, Sharpening pencil to conical point and knife edge, Using drawing instruments to draw border lines, parallel lines, vertical lines, title block, etc.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Explain how to properly set drawing paper on a drawing board.
(b) State the procedures for sharpening drawing pencils and using drawing instruments correctly.
Affective Domain:
(a) Demonstrate discipline and neatness while preparing and using drawing materials.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Set a drawing paper correctly on the drawing board.
(b) Sharpen a pencil to conical point and knife edge and use drawing instruments to draw border lines and title blocks.
Social Domain:
(a) Cooperate with classmates during group drawing practice and maintain proper use of shared materials.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Wikipedia – “Technical Drawing Tools” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing_tools)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Drawing board
Drawing paper (A4 or A3)
Masking tape or clips
Pencils (HB, 2H)
Set squares, T-square, ruler, compass, and eraser
Pencil sharpener and knife
Demonstration chart showing border lines and title block

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson enables pupils to acquire the basic skills and accuracy needed in technical drawing by learning proper handling of drawing instruments and paper arrangement.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have previously learned about basic drawing instruments, their uses, and safety precautions. They can identify and handle some basic tools.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Board Practice

Setting Drawing Paper on the Drawing Board

Before any technical drawing begins, the drawing paper must be properly fixed to ensure neatness and accuracy. This prevents movement of the paper while drawing.

The following are steps for setting a drawing paper on the board:

Place the drawing board on a stable and flat table.
Clean the board surface to remove dirt or dust.
Position the drawing paper properly on the board with equal margins on both sides.
Use masking tape or clips to fasten the four corners of the paper.
Ensure the paper is flat and aligned with the T-square edge.

Sharpening Pencil to Conical Point and Knife Edge

A pencil must be properly sharpened to achieve accurate and clean lines in technical drawing. There are two common ways to sharpen a pencil: the conical point and the knife edge.

The following are the steps for sharpening pencils:

Hold the pencil firmly and carefully use a knife or sharpener.
For conical point, shape the lead into a rounded tip suitable for freehand sketching and lettering.
For knife edge, trim one side flat and the other side angled to form a chisel shape suitable for precise straight lines.
Use sandpaper to smoothen the tip for accuracy.
Always test the pencil on scrap paper before use.

Using Drawing Instruments to Draw Border Lines, Parallel Lines, Vertical Lines, and Title Block

Drawing instruments such as the T-square, set squares, and rulers are used to draw accurate lines and shapes on the drawing paper.

The following are steps for using drawing instruments correctly:

Border Lines:
- Use the T-square and ruler to draw borders about 10mm from the edge of the paper.
Parallel Lines:
- Place the T-square horizontally and move set squares up or down to draw equally spaced lines.
Vertical Lines:
- Position a set square on the T-square to draw straight vertical lines.
Title Block:
- At the bottom right corner, draw a neat rectangular box for name, class, date, scale, and title of drawing.
Always ensure your lines are clean, light, and accurate.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Demonstration, Explanation, Discussion, Practical Activity, Group Work, Question and Answer

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a neat technical drawing and asks pupils to observe how the lines and paper are arranged.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond with observations about the drawing setup.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the importance of neatness and correct setup in technical drawing.

Step 2: Setting Drawing Paper

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains and demonstrates how to fix a drawing paper correctly on the board using tape or clips.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe and attempt to set their own papers.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how to set up a drawing paper properly.

Step 3: Sharpening of Pencil

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to sharpen pencils to conical point and knife edge.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice sharpening their pencils under supervision.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to sharpen and handle pencils properly.

Step 4: Drawing Border Lines and Title Block

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practical Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses drawing instruments to show how to draw borders, parallel, and vertical lines, and a title block.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils replicate the teacher’s demonstration on their papers.
Learning Point: Pupils gain hands-on experience using drawing instruments accurately.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes or dictates the summarized lesson content for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes neatly into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils retain a clear record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

List the steps involved in setting drawing paper on a board.
State the two main ways to sharpen a drawing pencil.
Mention three lines that can be drawn using drawing instruments.
What information is usually written inside a title block?
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally and practically.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate mastery of basic board practice skills.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points and emphasizes the importance of accuracy and neatness in drawing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate proper drawing techniques and instrument handling.

Home Task: Record two correct examples of Board Practice from the lesson or home environment and explain each in your own words.

Lesson Keywords

Drawing Board – a flat board used for holding drawing paper.
Conical Point – a rounded pencil tip used for sketching.
Knife Edge – a sharp-edged pencil point for drawing straight lines.
Border Line – the line forming the outer frame of a drawing sheet.
Title Block – a boxed section that contains important drawing information.

Differentiation

Teacher provides step-by-step guidance for slower learners and allows advanced pupils to assist peers during demonstrations for better understanding.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure pupils handle drawing instruments safely and maintain proper posture while working. Check each pupil’s setup for neatness and correctness.