Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS 1 / JS1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 10
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Technology
Previous Lesson: Simple Electrical Calculation in Basic Electricity.
Topic: BASIC ELECTRICITY IV
Subject Matter: Simple electrical circuit connections: Simple electrical circuit diagram

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is a simple electrical circuit?
List three major components of a simple electrical circuit.
Draw the circuit symbol for a battery.
Draw a simple circuit diagram containing a battery, a switch, and a bulb.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson by reiterating the definition of a simple circuit, its components, and the importance of circuit diagrams. The teacher then gives homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils reinforce their understanding of the topic.

Home Task: Record two correct examples of BASIC ELECTRICITY IV from the lesson or home environment and explain each in your own words.

Lesson Keywords

Circuit – A complete path through which electric current flows.
Component – An individual part of an electrical circuit.
Symbol – A sign or drawing that represents something.
Diagram – A simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure, or workings of something.
Switch – A device that opens or closes an electrical circuit.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can challenge them to draw circuits with more components like buzzers or multiple bulbs. For pupils needing more support, the teacher will provide pre-drawn templates of circuit symbols for them to connect and label, offering one-on-one guidance.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that all actual components used for demonstration are safe and low voltage. Emphasize the importance of safety when dealing with electricity. Encourage pupils to be neat when drawing circuit diagrams as clarity is important for understanding.

Cognitive Domain:

Define a simple electrical circuit.
Identify the major components of a simple electrical circuit.
State the standard symbols for common circuit components.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of circuit diagrams in understanding electrical connections.
Show interest in learning how to draw simple electrical circuits.

Psychomotor Domain:

Draw a simple electrical circuit diagram using standard symbols.
Correctly label the components in a simple circuit diagram.

Collaborate with peers to identify and draw circuit components.
Share ideas on the functions of different parts of a circuit.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Science and Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 1 by P.N. Okoro et al.
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2019/07/electrical-circuit-diagrams-symbols.html
https://byjus.com/physics/basic-electrical-circuit/

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A chart showing a simple electrical circuit.
A chart showing standard electrical circuit symbols.
Actual components: battery, connecting wires, bulb in a holder, switch.
Whiteboard/chalkboard and markers/chalk.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how electricity flows in a controlled path and how to represent electrical systems visually. This knowledge is important for safely interacting with electrical devices and for further studies in technology.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have prior knowledge of electricity, its sources, and basic components like wires and bulbs from previous lessons on basic electricity.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Simple Electrical Circuit Connections

What is a Simple Electrical Circuit?

A simple electrical circuit is a complete, unbroken path through which electric current can flow. It typically consists of a power source, a load, a conductor, and a switch.

Major Components of a Simple Electrical Circuit

The following are the major components:

Power Source: Provides the electrical energy (e.g., battery or cell).
Load: Converts electrical energy into another form of energy (e.g., a bulb converts electrical energy into light and heat).
Conductor: Material that allows electricity to flow through it easily (e.g., connecting wires).
Switch: A device used to open or close the circuit, thereby controlling the flow of current.

Standard Electrical Circuit Symbols

Electrical components are represented by standard symbols in circuit diagrams to make them universally understood. The following are common symbols:

Battery/Cell: Long line for positive terminal, short line for negative terminal. (Represented as: | | | | where the longer line is +)
Connecting Wire: Straight line. (Represented as: ———)
Bulb/Lamp: A circle with a cross inside or a loop. (Represented as: Ⓧ or ⌂)
Switch (Open): Two dots with a line hinged on one dot and lifted from the other. (Represented as: •— / •)
Switch (Closed): Two dots connected by a straight line. (Represented as: •———•)

Simple Electrical Circuit Diagram

A simple electrical circuit diagram is a drawing that uses standard symbols to represent the components of an electrical circuit and how they are connected. It shows the path of current flow.

How to Draw a Simple Circuit Diagram:

Start by drawing the power source (battery).
Connect the positive terminal of the battery to one end of the switch using a straight line (wire).
Connect the other end of the switch to one terminal of the load (bulb) using a straight line.
Connect the remaining terminal of the load (bulb) back to the negative terminal of the battery using a straight line.
Ensure all lines are straight and symbols are clearly drawn.

Example of a Simple Circuit Diagram Description:
Imagine a rectangle. At one short side, draw a battery symbol (long line, short line). From the long line, draw a straight line along the long side of the rectangle. Midway, insert an open switch symbol. Continue the line to the next short side. At this short side, draw a bulb symbol. From the bulb symbol, draw a straight line along the other long side of the rectangle, connecting back to the short line (negative terminal) of the battery. This represents a simple circuit with an open switch, meaning the bulb is off.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall what they learned about electricity in previous lessons, specifically mentioning components like wires and bulbs.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by mentioning basic electrical components and sources.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge of electricity and its components.

Step 2: Explanation of Simple Electrical Circuit

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines what a simple electrical circuit is, using the chart of a simple circuit to illustrate.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and answer questions on the definition of a circuit.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept of a simple electrical circuit.

Step 3: Identification of Circuit Components and Symbols

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Using real components (battery, wires, bulb, switch) and charts, the teacher shows each component and explains its function. The teacher also displays posters with standard electrical symbols for each component.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the components and symbols, identify them, and copy the symbols into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify physical circuit components and their corresponding standard symbols.

Step 4: Introduction of Circuit Symbols

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Visual Aid/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents a chart showing standard electrical circuit symbols for each component and explains what each symbol represents.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the chart and copy the symbols into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the standard symbols for circuit components.

Step 5: Explaining Simple Circuit Diagram Drawing

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Step-by-step Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the steps involved in drawing a simple electrical circuit diagram using the standard symbols, emphasizing neatness and correct connections.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification on how to draw the diagrams.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the procedure for drawing a circuit diagram.

Step 6: Demonstration of Circuit Diagram Drawing

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher draws a simple electrical circuit diagram on the board, explaining each step as it is drawn.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the teacher’s demonstration and attempt to draw their own circuit diagrams in their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils practice drawing simple circuit diagrams.