Class: Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS3, JSS 3)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7
Age: 14 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Technology
Previous Lesson: Processing of Ceramics, Glass, Plastics, and Rubber
Topic: Drawing Practices
Subject Matter: Pictorial Drawing and Oblique Drawing, Isometric drawing, Definition and Types, Construction of simple objects.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Describe pictorial drawing and its types.
(b) Explain the difference between isometric and oblique drawings.
(c) Outline the steps in constructing simple pictorial drawings.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the importance of neatness and accuracy in technical drawing.
(b) Develop a positive attitude towards technical drawing as a design communication skill.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Construct simple isometric and oblique drawings correctly.
(b) Use drawing instruments properly to create neat pictorial representations.
Social Domain:
(a) Collaborate in groups to compare drawings and correct one another’s work.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Britannica – Isometric drawing | Definition, Examples, & Facts
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Drawing instruments (T-square, set squares, compasses, pencils, rulers)
Drawing board and paper
Charts showing examples of isometric and oblique drawings
Sample models or classroom objects for sketching
Projector or images of simple mechanical objects

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson enables pupils to understand how to represent three-dimensional objects on two-dimensional paper using pictorial drawing, a key skill in design and technical communication.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have previously learned about orthographic projection and can identify the front, side, and top views of simple objects, preparing them to convert these into pictorial drawings.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Drawing Practices

Pictorial Drawing

Pictorial drawing is the method of representing a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional surface in such a way that all three dimensions—length, breadth, and height—are visible. It gives a more realistic view of an object.

The following are the types of pictorial drawing:

Isometric Drawing – The object is drawn at 30° to the horizontal axis, showing three faces equally.
Oblique Drawing – One face of the object is drawn true shape while the other faces are drawn at an angle (usually 45°).
Perspective Drawing – The object is drawn as it appears to the eye, with lines converging at a point or points.

Isometric Drawing

Isometric drawing shows the object as if it were viewed from one corner, allowing all sides to be seen equally. The angles between the axes are 120°, and each axis is drawn at 30° from the horizontal.

The following are the characteristics of isometric drawing:

All dimensions are drawn to the same scale.
Vertical lines remain vertical.
Horizontal lines are drawn at 30° to the horizontal base line.
Circles appear as ellipses.

Oblique Drawing

Oblique drawing shows one face of the object in true shape while the other sides are drawn receding at an angle. The receding lines are usually drawn at 45° to the horizontal line.

These include two main types of oblique drawing:

Cavalier Oblique Drawing – The receding lines are drawn to full scale.
Cabinet Oblique Drawing – The receding lines are drawn to half scale to reduce distortion.

Construction of Simple Objects

Construction of simple objects in pictorial form involves careful use of drawing instruments and accurate measurement of angles and dimensions.

The following are the basic steps in constructing simple pictorial drawings:

Draw the horizontal base line.
Mark the isometric or oblique axes at required angles (30° or 45°).
Measure and draw the object’s dimensions along each axis.
Connect the points to form the visible edges.
Erase hidden construction lines neatly.
Label and dimension the drawing if necessary.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Explanation, Guided Practice, Group Work, Question and Answer

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a simple classroom object and asks pupils how they could show its shape on paper so that it looks real.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils give responses based on their previous knowledge of projections.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior lessons and are introduced to pictorial drawing.

Step 2: Explanation of Pictorial Drawing and Its Types

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines pictorial drawing and explains the three types with charts and examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and identify examples from the charts.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what pictorial drawing is and its types.

Step 3: Isometric and Oblique Drawings

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion and Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher draws isometric and oblique projections of a simple cube on the board, explaining the difference between them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils differentiate between isometric and oblique drawings.

Step 4: Construction of Simple Objects

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates step-by-step how to construct a simple isometric object using instruments and guides pupils to replicate it.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils construct similar drawings using their drawing instruments.
Learning Point: Pupils learn to construct basic pictorial drawings accurately.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes the lesson summary on the board for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes neatly into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils keep records of lesson content for future study.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is pictorial drawing?
State the three types of pictorial drawing.
Mention two characteristics of isometric drawing.
List the two types of oblique drawing.
Outline the steps for constructing a simple pictorial object.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of key concepts of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the major points and encourages pupils to practice drawing simple objects at home.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions where necessary.
Learning Point: Pupils are motivated to continue practicing technical drawing skills.

Lesson Keywords

Pictorial Drawing – representation of a 3D object on a 2D surface
Isometric Drawing – drawing with axes at 30° showing three faces equally
Oblique Drawing – drawing with one true face and others at an angle
Cavalier Drawing – oblique drawing with full-scale receding lines
Cabinet Drawing – oblique drawing with half-scale receding lines

Differentiation

The teacher provides extra guidance for slower learners during drawing construction, while advanced pupils can attempt more complex objects. Peer mentoring and group correction are encouraged.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure all pupils have drawing instruments and demonstrate each step clearly. Emphasize neatness, accuracy, and correct instrument handling. Always check posture and hand position when pupils draw.