Class: Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS3, JSS 3)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Age: 14 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Physical And Health Education
Previous Lesson: Communicable Diseases, Pathogens and Modes of Transmission
Topic: Non-Communicable Diseases
Subject Matter: Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases: Sickle cell, Obesity, Kwashiorkor etc.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify common non-communicable diseases such as sickle cell, obesity, and kwashiorkor.
(b) Explain the methods of preventing and managing these diseases.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show concern for people living with non-communicable diseases.
(b) Develop a sense of responsibility towards maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate simple dietary and lifestyle habits that prevent non-communicable diseases.
Social Domain:
(a) Participate actively in group discussions on disease prevention and healthy living.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
World Health Organization – “Noncommunicable Diseases” (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing different non-communicable diseases
Pictures or flashcards of healthy and unhealthy foods
Diagrams illustrating the human body systems affected by diseases
Whiteboard and markers
Video clips or slides on healthy lifestyle practices

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps students understand how to prevent and manage non-communicable diseases and encourages healthy habits that promote long-term wellness.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have learned about communicable and non-communicable diseases in previous lessons and can identify examples of each from personal or community experiences.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another. They are usually caused by poor diet, unhealthy lifestyle, or inherited conditions.

Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

Prevention of non-communicable diseases involves adopting habits that promote good health and reduce risk factors.

The following are ways to prevent non-communicable diseases:

Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and proteins.
Engaging in regular physical exercise.
Avoiding excessive intake of fatty, sugary, and salty foods.
Maintaining good personal hygiene.
Avoiding harmful habits such as smoking, drug abuse, and alcohol consumption.
Going for regular medical check-ups.
Managing stress properly through relaxation and rest.
Staying hydrated by drinking enough water daily.

Management of Non-Communicable Diseases

Management means controlling the disease and improving the quality of life of the affected person.

The following are ways to manage non-communicable diseases:

Taking prescribed medications as directed by a doctor.
Following a healthy and controlled diet plan.
Engaging in safe and recommended physical activities.
Attending regular medical appointments.
Avoiding self-medication and unhealthy practices.
Seeking counseling and emotional support where necessary.
Educating others about prevention and healthy living.

Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases and Their Management

1. Sickle Cell Anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited blood disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, causing poor oxygen transport and pain crises.
The following are ways to manage sickle cell anaemia:

Avoid stressful activities and extreme temperatures.
Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
Take prescribed folic acid and medications regularly.
Attend routine medical check-ups.
Eat healthy foods rich in iron and vitamins.

2. Obesity
Obesity is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the body, leading to overweight and other health problems.
The following are ways to manage and prevent obesity:

Engage in regular exercise and physical activity.
Eat balanced meals with more fruits and vegetables.
Reduce intake of junk food and sugary drinks.
Maintain a healthy eating routine and portion control.

3. Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease common among children who eat mainly starchy foods.
The following are ways to prevent and manage kwashiorkor:

Provide adequate protein-rich foods like beans, fish, eggs, and milk.
Educate parents on proper child nutrition.
Encourage breastfeeding for infants.
Maintain clean food preparation and feeding habits.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Group Work, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils to mention some diseases they know and classify them into communicable and non-communicable.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond and share examples.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and identify focus on non-communicable diseases.

Step 2: Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains preventive measures using charts and real-life examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils understand ways to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Step 3: Management of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses different management practices for non-communicable diseases.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute and relate the discussion to people they know with such conditions.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how to manage NCDs effectively.

Step 4: Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents case examples like sickle cell, obesity, and kwashiorkor using charts or short video clips.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, identify symptoms, and discuss preventive actions.
Learning Point: Pupils can relate prevention and management to specific diseases.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes or dictates the lesson content for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write notes neatly.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson content.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mention three ways of preventing non-communicable diseases.
State two ways of managing obesity.
List three characteristics of sickle cell anaemia.
Explain how kwashiorkor can be prevented.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points, corrects misconceptions, and advises pupils to live healthily.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask final questions.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of preventing and managing non-communicable diseases.

Lesson Keywords

Non-communicable diseases – diseases that cannot spread from one person to another
Prevention – steps taken to stop something from happening
Management – controlling or handling a condition properly
Obesity – a condition of being excessively overweight
Kwashiorkor – a disease caused by lack of protein in the diet

Differentiation

Support slower learners with visual aids and guided examples; encourage gifted learners to present short health talks or posters on disease prevention.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Encourage learners to share personal experiences about healthy habits. Emphasize balanced diet and regular exercise. Ensure that activities are age-appropriate and inclusive.