Mortar and Pestle as a Simple Machine for Primary 1

Class: Primary One
Term: Second Term
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Technology
Previous Lesson: The Safe Use of Simple Machines At Home and In School
Topic: Simple Machines – Mortar and Pestle
Content/Learning Area: Identifying a mortar and pestle, Listing uses of mortars and pestles
Time Allocation: 40 minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain:

1. Identify a mortar and pestle.
2.List at least two uses of mortars and pestles.
3. Describe the difference between a mortar and a pestle.

• affective Domain:

1. Show interest in learning about simple machines.
2. Appreciate the usefulness of simple machines in daily life.

• Psychomotor Domain:

1. Demonstrate the proper use of a mortar and pestle (if materials are available).

• Social Domain:

1. Participate actively in class discussions.2. Work cooperatively with peers (if group activities are included).

Reference Materials

• 9 – Years basic Education Curriculum
• Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of Work
• NAPPS National Unified scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials:

• Pictures of mortars and pestles
• A real mortar and pestle (optional)
• Whiteboard or chart paper
• Markers

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding simple machines like the mortar and pestle helps pupils appreciate basic technology and its role in daily life. This knowledge builds a foundation for future learning in science and technology.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with tools used at home for food preparation.

Lesson Content

What is a Mortar and Pestle?

A mortar and pestle are simple machines used for grinding and crushing materials. The mortar is a bowl-shaped container, and the pestle is a tool used to pound or grind things inside the mortar.

Uses of mortar and Pestle

Mortars and pestles are used for various purposes. These include:

1. Grinding spices into powders.
2. Crushing herbs to release their flavors.
3. Making pastes and sauces (like garlic paste).
4. grinding nuts and seeds.
5. Preparing customary medicines by crushing herbs and roots.
6. Pulverizing grains for cooking or baking.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Description,Exhibition (if possible),Question and Answer,and Discussion.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Introduce the topic of simple machines and show pictures of mortars and pestles.
Pupils’ Activity: Observe the pictures and listen attentively.

Step 2: Explanation of Key Concepts

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: explanation, Definition
Teacher’s Activity: Explain what a mortar and pestle are and their individual functions.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and ask clarifying questions.

Step 3: Exhibition/Guided Practise

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration, Guided Practice
teacher’s Activity: Demonstrate the use of a mortar and pestle (if available). Guide pupils in identifying the parts.
Pupils’ Activity: Observe the demonstration and participate in identifying the parts.

Step 4: autonomous Practice

Time: 5 minutes
teaching Skill: Questioning, Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Ask pupils to list uses of mortars and pestles.
Pupils’ Activity: List uses of mortars and pestles.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Note-Taking
Teacher’s Activity: Guide pupils in writing down key points about mortars and pestles.
Pupils’ Activity: Write down key points in their notebooks.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning, Review
Teacher’s Activity: Ask review questions to assess understanding.
Pupils’ Activity: Answer review questions.

Objective-aligned checks:

1. Identify a mortar and pestle.
2. List at least two uses of mortars and pestles.
3. Describe the difference between a mortar and a pestle.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: Summarize the key points about mortars and pestles and answer any remaining questions from the pupils. Praise the pupils for their active participation.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen to the summary and ask any remaining questions.

Lesson Keywords

• Mortar – A bowl-shaped container used for grinding substances.
• Pestle – A tool used to pound or grind substances in a mortar.
• Grinding – Reducing a substance to smaller particles by crushing.
• crushing – Applying pressure to break or compress a substance.
• Simple Machine – A basic mechanical device that makes work easier.

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

1. What are two uses of a mortar and pestle?
2. Name some foods that can be ground using a mortar and pestle.
3. What is the difference between a mortar and a pestle?
4. Can you name another simple machine?

Assignment/Homework

1. Ask your parents or guardians to show you other tools they use in the kitchen and explain their uses.
2. Draw a picture of a mortar and pestle and label its parts.
3. List three things you can grind using a mortar and pestle at home.

Differentiation

• For slower learners: Provide one-on-one assistance and use simpler language.
• For advanced learners: Encourage them to research other simple machines and their uses.
• For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids,demonstrations,and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure to bring a real mortar and pestle if available to make the lesson more engaging. Encourage pupils to share their experiences with using similar tools at home.