Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: Second Term
Week: 4
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Electricity
Curriculum Theme: Basic Electricity
Previous Lesson: Capacitance: Series and Parallel Connections.
Topic: INDUCTANCE
Subject Matter: definition of inductance, unit and symbol of inductance, connection of inductors in series, connection of inductors in parallel, connection of inductors in series parallel

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define inductance.
State the unit and symbol of inductance.
Describe the connection of inductors in series.
Describe the connection of inductors in parallel.
Explain the connection of inductors in series-parallel.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of proper inductor connections in circuits.
Develop an interest in analyzing electrical circuits containing inductors.

Psychomotor Domain:

Draw circuit diagrams for inductors connected in series and parallel.
Connect inductors in series and parallel using appropriate materials.

Collaborate with peers to identify effective inductor connections.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Basic Electricity (Senior Secondary).
State Unified Scheme of Work for Basic Electricity SSS 1.
Basic Electricity for Senior Secondary Schools by P.N. Okoro.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Inductors of various values.
Connecting wires.
Power supply.
Circuit diagrams showing series, parallel, and series-parallel inductor connections.
Charts illustrating inductor symbols and formulas.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding inductance is important because inductors are common components in many electrical and electronic circuits. This lesson helps pupils understand how inductors store energy and how their connections affect overall circuit behavior, which is useful in practical applications like filters and power supplies.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have a basic understanding of electric current, voltage, resistance, and simple circuit concepts.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

INDUCTANCE

Definition of Inductance

Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current flowing through it induces an electromotive force (voltage) in both the conductor itself (self-inductance) and in any nearby conductors (mutual inductance).

It is a measure of the opposition offered to the change in current.

Unit and Symbol of Inductance

The unit of inductance is the Henry (H).

The symbol for inductance is L.

An inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. Its symbol in a circuit diagram is a coiled wire.

Connection of Inductors in Series

When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the sum of the individual inductances. There is only one path for the current to flow.

The formula for total inductance (L_T) in series is:

L_T = L₁ + L₂ + L₃ + … + L_n

Connection of Inductors in Parallel

When inductors are connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the total inductance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual inductances. There are multiple paths for the current to flow.

The formula for total inductance (L_T) in parallel is:

1/L_T = 1/L₁ + 1/L₂ + 1/L₃ + … + 1/L_n

For two inductors in parallel: L_T = (L₁ × L₂) / (L₁ + L₂)

Connection of Inductors in Series-Parallel

Series-parallel connection involves a combination of both series and parallel arrangements of inductors within a circuit. To find the total inductance, the parallel combinations are first simplified, and then the resulting equivalent inductances are added to any series inductors.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the previous lesson briefly. The teacher then asks pupils what they understand by the term ‘resistance’ and ‘capacitance’ in circuits, and introduces the idea of another circuit property called ‘inductance’.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new topic and connect it to prior knowledge.

Step 2: Definition of Inductance

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines inductance, explaining it as the property of a circuit element to oppose changes in current. The teacher also introduces the concept of an inductor.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition of inductance and an inductor.

Step 3: Unit and Symbol of Inductance

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher states the unit of inductance as the Henry (H) and its symbol as ‘L’. The teacher draws the circuit symbol for an inductor on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils note the unit, symbol, and draw the inductor symbol.
Learning Point: Pupils identify the unit and symbol for inductance.

Step 4: Connection of Inductors in Series

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how inductors are connected in series, draws a circuit diagram on the board, and derives or states the formula for total inductance (L_T = L₁ + L₂ + …). The teacher may demonstrate with actual inductors.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration, copy the diagram and formula, and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can apply the formula for series inductor connections.

Step 5: Connection of Inductors in Parallel

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how inductors are connected in parallel, draws a circuit diagram, and states the formula for total inductance (1/L_T = 1/L₁ + 1/L₂ + …). The teacher may demonstrate with actual inductors.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, copy the diagram and formula, and practice calculating equivalent inductance.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can apply the formula for parallel inductor connections.

Step 6: Connection of Inductors in Series-Parallel

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Problem-Solving/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how to approach series-parallel inductor combinations, breaking them down into simpler series and parallel parts. The teacher draws a simple series-parallel circuit diagram as an example.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, ask questions, and practice identifying series and parallel sections.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to analyze and calculate total inductance in series-parallel circuits.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define inductance.
What is the unit and symbol of inductance?
State the formula for calculating total inductance when three inductors (L₁, L₂, L₃) are connected in series.
State the formula for calculating total inductance when three inductors (L₁, L₂, L₃) are connected in parallel.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of understanding inductance and its connections in electrical circuits. The teacher gives pupils an assignment to draw and label different inductor connection types.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and receive homework.

Lesson Keywords

Inductance – The property of a circuit element to oppose changes in current.
Inductor – A passive electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field.
Henry (H) – The standard unit of inductance.
Series Connection – A connection where components are arranged end-to-end, providing a single path for current.
Parallel Connection – A connection where components are arranged across each other, providing multiple paths for current.

Differentiation

For struggling learners, the teacher will provide simplified diagrams and work through example problems step-by-step, focusing on series and parallel connections before introducing series-parallel. Advanced learners will be given more complex series-parallel problems to solve and encouraged to research real-world applications of inductors.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that actual inductors are available for demonstration to help pupils visualize the components. Emphasize safety precautions when working with power supplies. Encourage pupils to draw and label circuit diagrams accurately.